| 刘懿枢,张立进,金晓毅,李文辉,林志坚.降雨条件下稻田非点源污染氮磷流失特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(4):1000-1008. |
| 降雨条件下稻田非点源污染氮磷流失特征 |
| Effects of rainfall on migration of non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy fields |
| 投稿时间：2025-04-08 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0338 |
| 中文关键词: 非点源污染 稻田土壤 地表径流 氮磷流失 |
| 英文关键词: non-point source pollution soil of paddy field surface runoff nitrogen and phosphorus loss |
| 基金项目:江西省气象科研所改革专项（JX2023M14）；吉安生态重点实验室重点项目（2020JEM102）；吉安生态重点实验室面上项目（2023JEM221） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对长江中下游稻作区农业面源污染防控需求，量化分析降雨条件下不同施肥模式对稻田地表径流氮磷流失的影响，为优化施肥管理提供科学依据。田间试验于2019—2023年进行，设置常规施肥（CK）、减量施肥（KF）和综合优化施肥（BMP）3种施肥处理，分析降雨产生稻田径流事件下，各处理的径流量、氮磷流失负荷及其流失率的变化特征。结果表明：5 a试验观测期间发生降雨24~46次·a-1，稻田地表径流排水量的波动范围为2~180 mm（中位数为31.5 mm），当稻田土壤蓄水量接近饱和且降雨量超过6.61 mm时，易触发地表径流。CK处理的氮、磷（2020年除外）流失负荷均显著高于KF和BMP处理，氮流失负荷分别高出11.25%~43.19%和5.05%~8.92%，磷流失负荷分别高出11.73%~33.19%和5.29%~21.81%。BMP处理氮流失率（2020年除外）和磷流失率最大，CK和KF处理的氮、磷流失系数分别为1.41%~3.19%、0.14%~1.32%，两处理间差异不显著（P>0.05）。氮磷流失负荷与径流量、施肥量和降雨量呈正相关，其中氮流失负荷和磷流失负荷、降雨量和径流量均存在极显著正相关（P<0.001）。研究表明，在降雨条件下，综合优化施肥模式可有效降低稻田氮磷流失负荷，并缩短稻田氮流失风险的持续时间。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In response to the demand for agricultural non-point source pollution control in the rice-growing areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, this study quantitatively analyzes the impact of different fertilization patterns on nitrogen and phosphorus loss in surface runoff from paddy fields under rainfall conditions, aiming to provide a scientific basis for optimizing fertilization management. The following three treatments were established in the field experiment：conventional fertilization（CK）, nitrogen reduction fertilization（KF） and comprehensive optimization fertilization（BMP） for the period 2019 to 2023. The change characteristics of runoff, nitrogen and phosphorus loss load and loss rate of each treatment were determined under the runoff event caused by rainfall in paddy fields. The results showed that there were 24-46 times·a-1 of rainfall during 5 year observation period in the paddy, and the fluctuation range of surface runoff displacement field was 2-180 mm（with a median of 31.5 mm）. When the soil water storage volume of the paddy fields approached saturation and the rainfall exceeded 6.61 mm, surface runoff was easily triggered. The loss loads of nitrogen and phosphorus（except in 2020） in CK treatment were significantly higher than those in KF and BMP treatment, with increases of 11.25%-43.19%, 11.73%-33.19% for nitrogen and 5.05%-8.92%, 5.29%-21.81% for phosphorus respectively. Among each fertilization treatment, the nitrogen loss rate（except in 2020） and phosphorus loss rate were the highest in the BMP treatment, but the CK and KF treatment were no significant difference（P>0.05）, and the nitrogen and phosphorus loss coefficients of were 1.41%-3.19% and 0.14%-1.32%, respectively. The results of a correlation analysis of the relationship between the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus were positively correlated with runoff volume, fertilizer application amount and rainfall. Among them, the nitrogen loss load and phosphorus loss load, rainfall and runoff volume all showed extremely significant positive correlations（P<0.001）. In summary, the comprehensive optimization of the fertilization pattern can effectively reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus loss load and shorten the duration of nitrogen loss risks in paddy fields under rainfall conditions. |
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