| 陈昢圳,张珂宇,申锋.农村多源有机固体废弃物协同好氧堆肥技术研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(4):841-855. |
| 农村多源有机固体废弃物协同好氧堆肥技术研究进展 |
| Advances in aerobic co-composting of multi-source organic solid wastes in rural areas |
| 投稿时间：2025-06-09 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0533 |
| 中文关键词: 多源有机固体废弃物 协同好氧堆肥 调控机制 |
| 英文关键词: multi-source organic solid wastes aerobic co-composting synergistic mechanisms |
| 基金项目:天津市重点研发计划项目（22YFZCSN00170）；“十四五”重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1601104）；中国农业科学院创新工程项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 农村多源有机固体废弃物产量持续增加，其无序堆放与低效处理已成为制约农村生态环境改善的重要因素。好氧堆肥因工艺简便、产物可农用，被认为是重要的资源化途径，但传统堆肥原料组成较为单调，缺乏多样化配伍，往往造成降解效率低和养分损失严重。协同堆肥通过物料理化互补与微生物功能互作，可显著提升有机质降解和腐殖化水平，并降低环境风险。本文综述了典型废弃物的来源与特性，阐述了协同堆肥在原料配伍、工艺调控和微生物驱动有机质转化等方面的研究进展，解析其在碳氮循环、木质素降解和抗性基因削减中的作用机制。同时，结合典型模式与应用案例，总结了协同堆肥在原料差异、收集预处理、工艺装备、污染管控和管理机制等方面的瓶颈，并提出未来在科学配伍、工艺优化、装备创新、标准完善和智能化管理等方向的发展建议。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The rapid increase of multi-source rural organic solid waste, coupled with disorderly disposal and inefficient treatment, has become a major constraint on rural environmental improvement. Aerobic composting is recognized as an important recycling pathway due to its simplicity and agricultural applicability. However, traditional composting relies on monotonous feedstocks, often resulting in low degradation efficiency and severe nutrient losses. Synergistic co-composting, by integrating physicochemical complementarity of materials with microbial functional interactions, can markedly enhance organic matter degradation and humification while mitigating environmental risks. This review summarizes the sources and characteristics of typical wastes, recent advances in co-composting regarding feedstock formulation, process regulation, and microbial-driven transformations, and elucidates its mechanisms in carbon - nitrogen cycling, lignin degradation, and resistance gene reduction. It further identifies current bottlenecks in raw material heterogeneity, collection and pretreatment, process equipment, pollution control, and management frameworks, and proposes future directions in scientific material matching, process optimization, equipment innovation, standard refinement, and intelligent management. |
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