| 舒上毅,王惠惠,乌日拉格,丁京涛,沈玉君.农村厕所除臭复合菌剂的构建及其除臭微生态机制[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(4):818-829. |
| 农村厕所除臭复合菌剂的构建及其除臭微生态机制 |
| Construction of a composite microbial deodorizer for rural toilet odor control and its microecological mechanism |
| 投稿时间：2025-12-29 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-1208 |
| 中文关键词: 农村厕所 微生物复合菌剂 NH3 H2S 除臭机制 宏基因组 |
| 英文关键词: rural toilet composite microbial agent NH3 H2S deodorization mechanism metagenomics |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFD1601005） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 286 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 研发高效微生物复合菌剂以去除农村厕所粪污中的恶臭气体NH3和H2S，从活性污泥中筛选获得脱氨菌株（粪产碱菌酚亚种、藤黄节杆菌等）与脱硫菌株（巴利阿里岛假单胞菌、瓜里科假单胞菌等），通过正交试验确定其最佳复合配比（1∶1∶1∶1∶1），构建复合菌剂；利用实验室模拟体系评估其除臭效能，结合宏基因组学分析菌剂对氮硫代谢功能基因的调控机制。实验室模拟中，菌剂对NH3和H2S的去除率分别为55.84%和74.35%。菌剂处理使NH4+-N下降、NO3--N和SO42-升高，氮损失减少14.8%。宏基因组分析表明，菌剂显著上调了氮硫氧化关键基因（narI、nosZ、hao、sqr），同时抑制了还原路径基因（aprA、nif）的表达。研究表明，所构建的复合菌剂通过重塑粪污微生物群落结构（富集假单胞菌门等功能菌群、抑制病原菌生长），上调氮硫氧化关键基因并抑制还原路径基因的表达，从而从代谢源头阻断NH3和H2S的生成，具有良好的除臭效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study aimed to develop an efficient composite microbial agent for mitigating NH3 and H2S emissions from rural toilet feces. Functional strains, including ammonia-removing strains（e. g., Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. phenolicus, Arthrobacter luteolus） and sulfur-oxidizing strains（e. g., Stutzerimonas balearica, Pseudomonas guariconensis）, were isolated from activated sludge. An optimal composite agent was constructed via orthogonal tests with a ratio of 1∶1∶1∶1∶1, and its deodorization efficiency was evaluated in a laboratory simulation system. Metagenomic analysis was employed to elucidate the underlying microbial mechanisms. The removal rates of NH 3 and H2S reached 55.84% and 74.35%, respectively. The agent significantly altered nitrogen and sulfur transformation pathways, reducing NH4+-N, increasing NO3--N and SO42-, and decreasing nitrogen loss by 14.8%. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the agent upregulated key genes involved in oxidation pathways（e. g., narI, nosZ, hao, sqr）while downregulating genes in reductive pathways（e. g., aprA, nif）, thereby blocking the generation of NH3 and H2S at the metabolic source. The constructed composite microbial agent exhibits effective deodorization performance. Its mechanism involves reshaping the microbial community structure and regulating the functional gene network of nitrogen and sulfur metabolism—significantly upregulating nitrification, denitrification, and sulfur oxidation genes, while downregulating nitrogen fixation and sulfate reduction genes—thereby blocking the generation of NH3 and H2S at the metabolic source. |
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