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| 内蒙古西部冶炼厂周边土壤重金属形态分布及影响因素 |
| Distribution and Influencing Factors of Heavy Metal Forms in Soil Around Western Inner Mongolia Smelters |
| 投稿时间：2026-02-24 修订日期：2026-05-19 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 土壤重金属 全量 赋存形态 空间分布 影响因素 |
| 英文关键词: Soil heavy metals Total content Speciation Spatial distribution Influencing factors |
| 基金项目:河套灌区典型金属矿影响区农田土壤重金属的迁移转化规律与调控机理(2021ZD10) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 【目的】为揭示工矿区周围土壤重金属赋存形态空间分布特征，并探究土壤Cd、Pb各赋存形态与土壤环境介质的关系，以期为土壤重金属污染治理提供理论依据，【方法】本研究以内蒙古西部某金属冶炼厂周边的土壤为研究对象，通过野外调查与采样，采用改进后的Tessier七步法提取并测定土壤中的Cd、Pb赋存形态，【结果】结果表明：研究区土壤存在一定的Cd、Pb富集现象，但均低于农用地风险筛选值。Cd以残渣态（F7）和铁锰氧化物态（F4）为主，分别占46.18%、40.84%；Pb以碳酸盐结合态（F3）和水溶态（F1）为主，分别占63.51%、18.50%；Cd、Pb全量及形态空间分布与冶炼厂方位显著相关：Cd自冶炼厂向外递减，东南方向最高（0.687 mg/kg），表明冶炼厂为其主要来源；Pb亦呈递减趋势、东部偏高，但整体差异较小，表明除水溶态（F1）与可交换态（F2）外其余形态与厂方无明显关联，来源具有多元性。Cd、Pb形态分布主要受元素全量控制，同时受污染源距离、土壤理化性质影响，二者对环境因子的响应存在差异。【结论】研究表明，研究区内Cd、Pb形态分布呈现以全量为主导的整体分布，并在其背景下受到距离及部分土壤性质的协同调控。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metal forms in soils around industrial and mining areas and to explore the relationship between the various forms of soil Cd and Pb and soil environmental media, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for soil heavy metal pollution control, this study focuses on the soils surrounding a metal smelter in western Inner Mongolia. Through field surveys and sampling, the modified Tessier seven-step method was used to extract and determine the forms of Cd and Pb in the soil. The results indicate that there is a certain degree of Cd and Pb accumulation in the soil of the study area, but both concentrations are below the risk screening thresholds for agricultural land. Cd is predominantly present in the residue form (F7) and as iron-manganese oxides (F4), accounting for 46.18% and 40.84% respectively; Pb was predominantly present in the form of carbonate complexes (F3) and water-soluble forms (F1), accounting for 63.51% and 18.50% respectively; the total and speciation-based spatial distribution of Cd and Pb was significantly correlated with the location of the smelter: Cd concentrations decreased with distance from the smelter, with the highest levels observed in the south-east (0.687 mg/kg), indicating that the smelter is the primary source; Pb also exhibits a decreasing trend, with higher concentrations in the east, but the overall variation is smaller, indicating that, apart from the water-soluble form (F1) and exchangeable form (F2), the other forms show no clear association with the smelter, suggesting multiple sources. The distribution of Cd and Pb forms is primarily controlled by total element concentrations, whilst also being influenced by distance from pollution sources and soil physicochemical properties; the two elements exhibit differences in their response to environmental factors. The study indicates that the distribution of Cd and Pb forms in the study area is primarily dominated by total content and is collectively regulated by distance and certain soil properties in the background context. |
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