| 冯小纹,孟祥志,李亦然,王震,王克勤,侯磊.赤水河上游不同利用方式土壤团聚体磷组分对淋溶作用的响应[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(2):456-467. |
| 赤水河上游不同利用方式土壤团聚体磷组分对淋溶作用的响应 |
| Response of phosphorus fractions in soil aggregates to leaching：evidence from the soil of different land-use patterns in the upper reaches of the Chishui River |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-17 修订日期：2025-05-19 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0144 |
| 中文关键词: 喀斯特区域 土壤团聚体 土地利用类型 磷素淋失 |
| 英文关键词: Karst area soil aggregates land-use patterns leaching loss of phosphorus |
| 基金项目:云南省科技计划重点研发专项（202203AC100001-03） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明淋溶作用对不同利用方式土壤团聚体磷组分淋失的影响，选取云南赤水河上游龙井小流域的坡耕地、灌木林地、经果林地和人工林地土壤为研究对象，开展室内土柱淋溶试验，分析不同利用方式下土壤团聚体磷组分淋失特征的差异和影响因素，并估算全流域磷年均淋失量。结果表明：不同利用方式土壤以大团聚体（>2 mm）为主，占比均>52.06%，全磷（TP）含量呈经果林地（1.98 g·kg-1）>灌木林地（1.59 g·kg-1）>坡耕地（1.40 g·kg-1）>人工林地（0.62 g·kg-1）趋势，前三种利用方式受施肥影响，以有机结合态磷（OP）为主（占比46.19%~65.49%），人工林地则以钙结合态磷为主（占比73.11%~86.14%）；溶解态磷（SP）是淋滤液中磷的主要形态，坡耕地土壤TP、SP及两者占比显著高于其他利用方式（P<0.05），均值分别为0.10、0.09 mg·L-1和90.00%，累积淋失量（0.185 3 mg）是其他利用方式的1.79~1.89倍；人工林地土壤表现为负淋失，磷平均淋失率达-14.23%，团聚体OP升高为主要贡献，其余利用方式土壤磷淋失率范围为50.35%~61.64%，团聚体OP和铁铝结合态磷（Fe/Al-P）为主要淋失形态；团聚体TP和Fe/Al-P含量、土壤结构稳定性、pH及SOM的利用方式差异是影响淋溶作用响应的关键因素，赤水河流域年均磷淋失量达19.13 kg·hm-2，坡耕地贡献最大（73.35%），人工林地有阻控效应（-2.69%）。研究表明，施肥活动降低土壤团聚体稳定性是喀斯特地区磷淋失的诱因，退耕还林及植树造林可减少或阻控磷淋失。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of leaching on phosphorus（P）fraction loss in soil aggregates across land-use patterns, soils from slope cropland, shrubland, orchard, and plantation forest in the Longjing small watershed of the Chishui River ' s upper reaches were selected for indoor soil column leaching experiments. This study analyzed land-use differences in P fraction leaching characteristics and influencing factors, while estimating the annual P leaching flux of the Chishui River watershed. The results indicated that：macroaggregates（>2 mm） dominated all land-use soils（>52.06%）. Total phosphorus（TP）followed the order：orchard（1.98 g · kg-1）>shrubland（1.59 g · kg-1）> cropland（1.40 g · kg-1）>plantation forest（0.62 g · kg-1）. Fertilized soils（first three types）exhibited organic-bound phosphorus（OP） dominance（46.19%-65.49%）, while plantation forest showed Ca-bound phosphorus predominance（73.11%-86.14%）. Soluble phosphorus （SP）constituted the primary leachate P form. Slope cropland exhibited significantly higher TP（0.10 mg·L-1）, SP（0.09 mg·L-1）, and SP/ TP ratio（90.00%）than other types（P<0.05）, with cumulative leaching amount（0.185 3 mg）exceeding others by 1.79 – 1.89 times. Plantation forest displayed negative leaching loss（-14.23%）primarily attributed to aggregate OP retention, whereas other types showed 50.35%–61.64% P leaching loss rates dominated by OP and Fe/Al-bound phosphorus（Fe/Al-P）. Land-use variations in soil aggregate TP, Fe / Al-P, structural stability, pH, and SOM governed leaching responses. The annual P leaching flux of the Chishui River watershed reached 19.13 kg·hm-2, predominantly from cropland（73.35%）, with plantation forest exhibiting inhibitory effects（-2.69%）. This study reveals that fertilization-induced aggregate destabilization drives P leaching in Karst regions, while converting cropland to forests and afforestation effectively mitigate P loss. |
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