| 王彦佳,刁春燕,李剑峰.基于PMF模型的宁波市某工业区土壤重金属源解析及健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2026,45(2):424-433. |
| 基于PMF模型的宁波市某工业区土壤重金属源解析及健康风险评价 |
| Analysis of sources and health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil in industrial zones based on PMF model |
| 投稿时间：2025-01-07 修订日期：2025-04-03 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0019 |
| 中文关键词: 重金属 来源解析 健康风险评价 PMF模型 污染特征 |
| 英文关键词: heavy metal source analysis health risk assessment PMF model contamination characteristics |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC2604700） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究宁波市某工业区土壤重金属污染及人体健康风险情况，本研究以浙江省宁波市某工业区表层土壤为对象，系统分析了Cr、Cu、As、Cd、Pb、Ni、Sb、Hg等8种重金属的污染水平及其空间分布格局，采用地累积指数法评估其污染风险，并运用正定矩阵因子分解模型（PMF）解析污染来源，通过健康风险评价模型量化重金属对人体的暴露风险。结果表明，Cu、As、Cd的平均含量达到地区土壤背景值的 2.1、1.9、1.8倍。土壤 Cr、Cu、Ni、Cd、As、Pb之间的相关系数介于 0.24~0.59（P<0.01），6种元素之间均存在正相关关系，Cd、As、Cu 3种重金属元素之间存在显著相关性。地累积指数评价结果显示，各元素在研究区表层土壤中均出现不同程度的累积，其中Pb出现了中度污染情况，Hg和Cr元素在该研究区域内整体呈现出无污染或轻微污染，并未出现明显富集现象。源解析结果表明，Ni、Cr主要来源于自然源，Pb主要来源于交通排放源，Cu、Cd、As主要来源于农业源，Sb主要来源于工业制造源，Hg主要来源于工业及煤炭燃烧复合源。经口摄入是人群主要健康风险途径，且儿童的健康风险大于成人；不同年龄段人群经多种途径暴露于土壤中重金属的非致癌和致癌健康风险大部分处于可接受水平，但Cr、Cu、As、Pb、Ni存在一定的健康风险，因此这几种重金属的来源和污染情况必须引起关注。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the ecological contamination and health risks of heavy metals in the soil of an industrial area in Ningbo City, this study focused on the surface soil of a specific industrial zone in Zhejiang Province, China. The pollution levels and spatial distribution patterns of eight heavy metals（Cr, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Sb, and Hg）were systematically analyzed. The geo-accumulation index method was employed to assess pollution risks, while the Positive Matrix Factorization（PMF）model was utilized to identify contamination sources. Additionally, a health risk assessment model was applied to quantify the exposure risks of these heavy metals to human health. The results revealed that the average concentrations of Cu, As, and Cd were 2.1, 1.9, and 1.8 times higher than the regional soil background values, respectively. Significant positive correlations（ranging between 0.24–0.59, P<0.01）were observed among Cr, Cu, Ni, Cd, As, and Pb, with particularly strong correlations noted among Cd, As, and Cu. According to the geo-accumulation index assessment, all elements exhibited varying degrees of accumulation in the surface soil, with Pb showing moderate pollution. In contrast, Hg and Cr demonstrated no or only slight contamination across the study area, without significant enrichment. Source apportionment results indicated that Ni and Cr primarily originated from natural sources, Pb was mainly derived from traffic emissions, Cu, Cd, and As were predominantly associated with agricultural activities, Sb was primarily linked to industrial manufacturing, and Hg mainly stemmed from a combined source of industrial and coal combustion emissions. The health risk assessment demonstrated that oral ingestion was the primary exposure pathway, with children facing higher health risks than adults. For different age groups, the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with exposure to soil heavy metals through multiple pathways were mostly within acceptable levels. However, Cr, Cu, As, Pb, and Ni posed certain health risks, necessitating attention to their sources and pollution status. |
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