| 李琼香,朱经伟,王新修,李志宏,张云贵,陈曦,杨荣,刘青丽.不同质地黄壤微生物群落特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(7):1779-1792. |
| 不同质地黄壤微生物群落特征 |
| Characteristics of microbial communities in yellow soil of diverse texture |
| 投稿时间：2024-08-07 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0662 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤质地 微生物群落 宏基因组 黏土 黏壤土 壤土 |
| 英文关键词: soil texture microbial community metagenome clay soil clay loam loam |
| 基金项目:植烟土壤健康评价体系构建及应用项目（110202102037）；贵州典型植烟土壤健康评价指标体系构建与应用项目（2021XM17）；国家烟草专卖局科技项目（110200601014） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨不同质地黄壤微生物群落特征，以贵州省平坝区不同质地黄壤为研究对象，采用宏基因技术，分析了黏土（N）、黏壤土（NR）、壤土（R）的微生物群落多样性、组成结构、网络互作及代谢功能等的差异。结果表明：黏土的Shannon、Simpson、Invsimpson多样性指数显著高于壤土，分别高出2.03%、1.33%、2.74%。S.chao1、S.ACE、S.obs丰富度指数均呈现出黏土>黏壤土>壤土的规律。不同质地黄壤共有物种4 883个，其中黏土独有物种最高，分别是黏壤土和壤土的3.63倍和5.35倍；黄壤微生物主要由细菌（90.98%）、古菌（2.22%）、真核生物（0.03%）组成。界水平上，与黏壤土和壤土相比，黏土细菌相对丰度显著降低，真核生物相对丰度显著增加，古菌相对丰度在3种质地黄壤间差异不显著。门水平上，不同质地黄壤物种结构组成相同，但相对丰度有所差异，随着土壤质地黏性加重，土壤变形菌门、念珠菌门相对丰度降低，放线菌门、酸杆菌门相对丰度增加；奇古菌门相对丰度降低，广古菌门相对丰度增加；子囊菌门相对丰度降低、毛霉菌门相对丰度增加；不同质地土壤显著富集的物种类群差异显著。在黏土中显著富集的种群主要来自酸杆菌门；在壤土中显著富集的种群主要来自变形菌门、硝化螺旋菌门、奇古菌门；在黏壤土中显著富集的种群主要来自芽单胞菌门；从网络拓扑分析来看，壤土网络节点数和网络边数分别较黏土增加了17.24%和4.69%。黏土负连接比例为32.81%，分别较黏壤土、壤土降低19.29%、30.21%；但黏土微生物网络密度最高，为0.32，壤土和黏壤土网络密度分别较黏土降低12.50%和25.00%。随着土壤黏粒的增加，微生物共现网络的连通性提高、网络稳定性降低，且以共生关系为主；功能预测显示，土壤代谢通路基因丰度整体表现为壤土>黏壤土>黏土，微生物代谢活动在黏土中最低，在壤土中最高。abfA、manA、manB、xylA等降解半纤维素基因丰度均在黏土中最高，与黏粒含量呈正相关，而与pH呈负相关。narH、narB、ureC、nrtC、nrfA等氮功能基因丰度则相反，在不同质地的土壤中表现出壤土>黏壤土>黏土的分布规律，与黏粒含量呈负相关，与pH呈正相关；土壤质地和pH值是影响微生物群落组成和功能基因表达的共同因子。结果表明，3种质地土壤中壤土和黏土微生物群落特征差异最大，土壤质地和pH是作用于微生物特征的关键因子。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study aims to investigate the characteristics of microbial communities in yellow soils of different textures in Pingba District, Guizhou Province. Metagenomic technology was employed to analyze the differences in microbial community diversity, composition, network interactions, and metabolic functions among clay（N）, clay loam（NR）, and loam（R）soils. The results showed that the Shannon, Simpson, and Invsimpson diversity indices were significantly higher in clay soil than in loam soil, with increases of 2.03%, 1.33%, and 2.74%, respectively. The S.chao1, S.ACE, and S.obs richness indices followed the pattern of clay > clay loam > loam. There were 4 883 common species across the different textures of yellow soil, with the highest number of unique species in clay soil, which were 3.63 times and 5.35 times those in clay loam and loam soils, respectively. The microbial community in yellow soil was mainly composed of bacteria （90.98%）, archaea（2.22%）, and eukaryotes（0.03%）. At the kingdom level, compared to clay loam and loam soils, the relative abundance of clay bacteria decreased, while the relative abundance of eukaryotes increased, and the difference in archaeal relative abundance was not significant. At the phylum level, the species structural compositions of yellow soils with different textures are the same, but their relative abundance show differences. As soil texture became more clayey, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Candidatus Rokubacteria decreased, while the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria increased. The relative abundance of Thaumarchaeota decreased, and that of Euryarchaeota increased. The relative abundance of Ascomycota decreased, and that of Mucoromycota increased. There were significant differences in the species assemblages that were significantly enriched in soils of different textures. The populations significantly enriched in clay were mainly from Acidobacteria. In loam, the populations significantly enriched were mainly from Proteobacteria, Nitrospirae, and Thaumarchaeota. In clay loam, the populations significantly enriched were mainly from Gemmatimonadetes. Network topology analysis showed that the number of network nodes and edges in loam soil increased by 17.24% and 4.69%, respectively, compared to clay soil. The proportion of negative connections in clay soil was 32.81%, which was 19.29% and 30.21% lower than that in clay loam and loam soils, respectively. However, clay soil had the highest microbial network density of 0.32, while the network densities of loam and clay loam soils were 12.50% and 25.00% lower, respectively, than that of clay soil. As soil clay content increased, the connectivity of the microbial co-occurrence network improved, but network stability decreased, with symbiotic relationships being dominant. Functional predictions showed that the overall abundance of soil metabolic pathway genes was loam > clay loam > clay, with microbial metabolic activity being lowest in clay soil and highest in loam soil. Genes for degrading hemicellulose, such as abfA, manA, manB, and xylA, were most abundant in clay soil, positively correlated with clay content, and negatively correlated with pH. In contrast, nitrogen-functional genes such as narH, narB, ureC, nrtC, and nrfA showed a distribution pattern of loam > clay loam > clay in soils of different textures, negatively correlated with clay content, and positively correlated with pH. Soil texture and pH were common factors influencing microbial community composition and functional gene expression. The results indicated that loam and clay soils exhibited the greatest differences in microbial community characteristics among the three soil textures. Soil texture and pH were key factors affecting microbial characteristics. |
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