| 马嘉昱,谷林珠,武程程,蒋梦珂,李彦,朱新萍,杨志莹,王西和,贾宏涛.棉田残膜量对土壤线虫群落结构的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(7):1759-1768. |
| 棉田残膜量对土壤线虫群落结构的影响 |
| Effects of residual mulching film on soil nematode community structure in cotton fields |
| 投稿时间：2024-06-18 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0618 |
| 中文关键词: 地膜残留 土壤线虫 生物多样性 干旱区 棉花 |
| 英文关键词: residual mulching film soil nematodes biological diversity arid areas cotton |
| 基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项“新疆棉田地膜污染阻控与综合防治技术研究”（2022B02017）；新疆维吾尔自治区乡村振兴产业发展科技行动“地膜回收与综合利用农业清洁生产示范”（2023NC062） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 马嘉昱 | 新疆农业大学资源与环境学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052 | | | 谷林珠 | 新疆农业大学资源与环境学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052 | | | 武程程 | 新疆农业大学资源与环境学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052 | | | 蒋梦珂 | 新疆农业大学资源与环境学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052 | | | 李彦 | 新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052 | | | 朱新萍 | 北京农学院生物与资源环境学院, 北京 102206 | zhuxinping1978@163.com | | 杨志莹 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830091 | | | 王西和 | 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830091 | | | 贾宏涛 | 新疆农业大学资源与环境学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052
新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052 | jht@xjau.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明不同残膜累积量对棉田土壤线虫群落结构的影响，并确定适宜棉花种植的残膜量范围，本研究在同一标准化种植条件和管理模式下，采用随机区组试验设计，设置6个残膜添加量处理，分别为CK（不加地膜）、T1（250 kg·hm-2）、T2（500 kg·hm-2）、T3（1 000 kg·hm-2）、T4（1 500 kg·hm-2）和T5（2 000 kg·hm-2）。于棉花吐絮期采集耕作层0~20 cm土壤样品，分析地膜残留对棉田土壤基本属性和土壤线虫的影响。结果发现：随着残膜量的增加，土壤有机质含量、pH值以及含水率均呈现降低的态势；拟丽突属是各处理的优势属，丰度在12.57%~16.59%；线虫的主要营养类群为食细菌类和植食类，食细菌类线虫的相对丰度随残膜量增加而降低。线虫瓦斯乐斯卡指数（WI）随残膜增加呈现显著下降的趋势；土壤线虫个体密度与土壤碱解氮之间存在极显著的正相关关系（P<0.01），与土壤速效磷、速效钾呈极显著负相关关系（P<0.01），与电导率呈显著负相关关系（P<0.05）；土壤中的有机质含量和速效养分是调控土壤线虫群落结构动态变化的主要环境因素。研究表明，残膜添加会降低土壤pH值、减少有机质含量、加剧养分流失，同时对土壤线虫群落产生负面影响，减少线虫数量和多样性，增加有害线虫丰度。当残膜量超过500 kg·hm-2时，土壤健康状况显著恶化，因此建议将新疆棉田的残膜量控制在该阈值以下，以有效维护土壤健康。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, in order to identify the influence of different residual mulching film accumulations on the soil nematode community structure in cotton fields and to determine the suitable range of residual mulching film for cotton planting, a randomized block design with setting up six residual film addition treatments was adopted under the same standardized planting conditions and management model. They are CK（without mulch）, T1（250 kg·hm-2）, T2（500 kg·hm-2）, T3（1 000 kg·hm-2）, T4（1 500 kg·hm-2）and T5（2 000 kg·hm-2）. During the period of opening of cotton bolls, soil samples at a depth of 0-20 cm were extracted from the tillage layer to analyze the effect of mulch film residues on the basic soil properties and soil nematodes in cotton fields. It was found that：with the increase of the amount of residual mulching film, organic matter content, pH value and moisture content of soil showed a decreasing trend; Acrobeloides is the dominant algae in each treatment with an abundance of 12.57% - 16.59%; The main trophic groups of nematodes are bacterivores and plant-parasites, where the relative abundance of bacteria-eating nematodes decreases with the increase of residual mulching film. Wasilewska index（WI） of nematodes showed a significant downward trend with the increase of residual nematode; Individual density of soil nematodes showed a very significant positive correlation with alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen（P<0.01）, while it is in extreme significant negative correlation with available phosphorus and available kalium（P<0.01）and significant negative correlation with electrical conductivity（P<0.05）; Organic matter content and quick-acting nutrients of soil are main environmental factors that regulate the dynamic changes in soil nematode community structure. Research has indicated that the incorporation of leftover film results in a decrease in soil pH, a reduction in organic matter content, and an increase in nutrient loss. Additionally, it hurts the soil nematode population, as it diminishes nematode variety and abundance while augmenting the number of detrimental nematodes. When the amount of residual film exceeds 500 kg·hm-2, soil health drastically declines. Therefore, to effectively maintain soil health, the residual mulching film in cotton fields in Xinjiang should be controlled below this level. |
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