| 续勇波,白采禾,陈玮,雷宝坤.洱海流域有机肥替代化肥对稻鸭共育下水稻产量和田面水氮磷浓度的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(5):1353-1364. |
| 洱海流域有机肥替代化肥对稻鸭共育下水稻产量和田面水氮磷浓度的影响 |
| Effects of organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers on rice yield and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations under rice-duck co-cultivation in the Erhai watershed |
| 投稿时间：2024-07-09 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0581 |
| 中文关键词: 稻鸭共生 有机肥替代化肥 水稻产量 氮肥利用率 |
| 英文关键词: rice-duck symbiosis organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizer rice yield nitrogen use efficiency |
| 基金项目:云南省重大科技专项计划项目（202202AE090034）；国家自然科学基金项目（32160758，32460808）；云南省农田面源污染防控创新团队项目（202405AS350023-2）；云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目（202005AC160043）；云南省产业创新人才项目2019 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明确洱海流域稻鸭共生下不同有机肥（牛粪、鸡粪）等氮替代化肥对田面水氮磷浓度变化和水稻产量的影响，本研究设置等氮量180 kg·hm-2投入，以云粳37水稻为试验对象进行随机区组田间试验，共设置4个处理：CK，不施肥、不养鸭；C+D，牛粪替代化肥+稻鸭共生处理；P+D，鸡粪替代化肥+稻鸭共生处理；F+D，单施化肥+稻鸭共生处理。研究在等氮条件下，施用不同有机肥对田面水氮磷浓度和水稻产量的影响。结果表明：与F+D处理相比，C+D处理存在减产风险（-18%）；P+D处理显著增产且产量可持续性较高，对水稻产量各构成要素有促进作用。各处理之间的氮肥农学利用率、氮肥生理利用率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥吸收利用率和氮肥贡献率均有显著差异（P<0.05），除C+D处理的氮肥生理利用率为最高外，其余的氮肥利用效率均为P+D处理最高。氮、磷、钾在籽粒和秸秆中的累积量均存在差异。与F+D处理相比，有机肥替代化肥+稻鸭共生处理在水稻收获期能提高0~30 cm土层1.13%~3.16%土壤全氮（TN）、8.81%~29.92%有机质（OM）、18.02%有效磷（AP）含量，生育期内土壤NH4+-N、有效磷和速效钾含量在稻作后期增加。有机肥替代化肥+稻鸭共生的田面水总氮（TN）和可溶性总氮（TDN）含量施基肥后升高，随即降低稳定在低水平，整个生育期田面水磷素养分（TP、TDP）均显著高于F+D处理。研究表明，在稻鸭共生下，有机肥替代化肥能够有效提高水稻产量和肥料利用率，并且鸡粪替代化肥可作为一项较优的增产提效生态农业措施，但需进一步评估磷素流失风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To clarify the effects of nitrogen replacement of chemical fertilizers by different organic fertilizers（cow dung and chicken manure）on the changes of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in field water and rice yield under rice-duck symbiosis in Erhai watershed, in this study, a randomized block field experiment was conducted with equal nitrogen inputs of 180 kg·hm-2 and Yunjing 37 rice, and four treatments were set up：CK, no fertilization, no ducks; C+D, cow dung replacing chemical fertilizer + rice-duck symbiosis treatment; P + D, chicken manure replacing chemical fertilizer + rice-duck symbiosis treatment; F + D, chemical fertilizer + rice-duck symbiosis treatment. The results showed that there was a risk of yield reduction（- 18%）in the treatment of C + D compared with the treatment of F+D, and studied the effects of application different organic fertilizers on field water nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and rice yield under equal nitrogen fertilizer substitution conditions. The P+D treatment significantly increased yields and higher yield sustainability, contributing to the various components of rice yield. Nitrogen agronomic efficiency, nitrogen physiological efficiency, nitrogen partial factor productivity, nitrogen absorption efficiency and nitrogen contribution rate were significantly（P<0.05）different among treatments. Nitrogen physiological efficiency was highest in the treatment of C+D, except for P+D treatment, which had the highest nitrogen utilization efficiency. There were differences in the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in both seed and straw. Compared with F+ D treatment, organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer + rice-duck symbiosis could increase the content of total nitrogen（TN）, organic matter（OM）and available phosphorus（AP）by 1.13%-3.16%, 8.81%-29.92% and 18.02%, respectively, in the soil layer of 0-30 cm at the harvesting stage of rice. Soil NH +4-N, available phosphorus and available potassium content increased in the later stages of rice crop during the reproductive period. The contents of total nitrogen（TN）and soluble total nitrogen（TDN）in the surface water of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer + rice-duck symbiosis increased after the application of base fertilizer, and then decreased and stabilized at a low level, and the phosphorus nutrient content of surface water（TP, TDP）was significantly higher than that of the F+D treatment in the whole reproductive period. In summary, under the rice-duck symbiosis, organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer can well improve rice yield and fertilizer utilization, and chicken manure substitution for chemical fertilizer can be a superior ecological agricultural measure to increase production and improve efficiency, but the risk of phosphorus loss needs to be further evaluated. |
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