| 黄彭鑫悦,刘宇航,吕凤媛,张艳艳,高雪松.基于Py-GCMS定量分析不同覆膜年限土壤中微塑料含量以及微生物群落变化[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(5):1303-1311. |
| 基于Py-GCMS定量分析不同覆膜年限土壤中微塑料含量以及微生物群落变化 |
| Quantitative analysis of microplastic concentration in soil from different mulching years based on Py-GCMS and variation in microbial community |
| 投稿时间：2024-05-07 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0389 |
| 中文关键词: 微塑料 Py-GCMS 微塑料含量 微生物群落 地膜 |
| 英文关键词: microplastics Py-GCMS microplastic concentration microbial community mulch film |
| 基金项目:四川省国际科技创新合作项目（24GJHZ0117）；西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室自由探索项目（SKL-ZY202223）；中国博士后面上项目（2023M742513）;国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目（202310626008） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究不同覆膜年限农田中微塑料的污染水平及微生物群落的变化，本研究采集覆膜年限为5、15 a以及从未覆膜的农田土壤，采用热裂解气相色谱质谱联用仪（Py-GCMS）定量微塑料含量并采用高通量测序手段，探讨不同覆膜年限对土壤微塑料含量的影响，以及残膜生态位微生物和土壤微生物群落的变化。结果表明：随着覆膜年限的增加，土壤中微塑料的含量呈上升趋势。5 a覆膜（A地）土壤中微塑料含量为0.47 g·kg-1，而15 a覆膜（B地）土壤中微塑料含量为2.66 g·kg-1；此外，覆膜时间对土壤微生物群落丰度、多样性和种类组成产生了显著影响。5 a覆膜（A地）土壤中的细菌丰富度和多样性均高于膜上细菌，而15 a覆膜（B地）土壤中的细菌丰富度虽然低于膜上细菌，但多样性却高于膜上细菌。5 a覆膜（A地）土壤中的真菌丰富度高于膜上真菌，但土壤中的真菌多样性低于膜上真菌，而15 a覆膜（B地）土壤中的真菌丰富度和多样性均高于膜上真菌。尽管地理位置、作物种植种类以及农业生产方式不同，但两地残膜表面均富集了具有降解塑料能力的菌株，包括假单胞细菌属、类诺卡氏菌属等，证明塑料残膜的存在促进了土壤中特异细菌的生长。研究表明，随着覆膜年限增加土壤微塑料污染水平加剧，同时微塑料会导致周围环境的微生物群落发生改变。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, we collected soil from agricultural fields with 5, 15 and no years of mulching, using Py-GCMS to quantify soil microplastic concentration and high-throughput sequencing to investigate the effects of different years of mulching on soil microplastic concentration and the changes of microorganisms in the ecological niche of residual film and soil microbial community. The study showed that with the age of mulching, the microplastic concentration in the soil changed. The results showed that the soil microplastic concentration tended to increase with the increase of mulching years. The concentration of microplastics in the soil of the 5-year mulch（Site A）was 0.47 g·kg-1, while the concentration of microplastics in the soil of the 15-year mulch（Site B）was 2.66 g·kg-1. In addition, the study also showed that the mulching time had significant effects on the abundance, diversity and species composition of the soil microbial community . Bacterial abundance and diversity were higher than that of the bacteria on the film in the 5-year mulched（Site A）, while in the 15-year mulched（Site B）, the bacterial abundance was lower than that of the bacteria on the film but the diversity of the bacteria was higher than that of the bacteria on the film.Fungal abundance was higher than that of the fungus on the film in the 5-year mulched（Site A）, but the soil fungal diversity was lower than that of the fungus on the film, while the fungal abundance and diversity were higher than that of the fungus on the film in the 15-year mulched（Site B）. Despite the differences in geographic location, crop species and agricultural practices, the residual film surfaces of the soils were enriched with strains of bacteria with the ability to degrade plastics, including Pseudomonas, Nocardioides and others. This demonstrates that the presence of plastic residual films promoted the growth of specific bacteria in the soil. In conclusion, this study highlighted that the pollution level of soil microplastics increased with the years of mulching and demonstrated that microplastics caused changes in the microbial community of the surrounding environment. |
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