| 申小歌,曾珍,吴吉,罗旭,付建,詹雪萍,陈静,陈新平,王孝忠.不同新型肥料对西南地区露地甘蓝可持续生长综合评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(5):1245-1255. |
| 不同新型肥料对西南地区露地甘蓝可持续生长综合评价 |
| Comprehensive evaluation of different new fertilizers on sustainable growth of open field cabbage in southwest China |
| 投稿时间：2024-07-08 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0575 |
| 中文关键词: 缓控释肥 硝化抑制剂 产量 肥料利用率 温室气体排放 生态系统净经济效益 |
| 英文关键词: slow/ controlled release fertilizer nitrification inhibitor output fertilizer utilization efficiency greenhouse gas emissions net economic benefit of ecosystem |
| 基金项目:西南大学-铜梁区人民政府校长江经济带蔬菜全产业链绿色发展研究与示范项目（CAGD-TL2021）；国家自然科学基金项目（U20A2047）；西南大学创新研究2035试点计划项目（SWU-XDZD22001）；重庆市级财政科研项目（KYLX20240500150）；重庆市科技绩效激励项目（CSTB2023JXJL-YFX0002） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 申小歌 | 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716
西南大学长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心, 重庆 400716 | | | 曾珍 | 重庆市铜梁区农业农村委员会, 重庆 401120 | | | 吴吉 | 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716
西南大学长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心, 重庆 400716 | | | 罗旭 | 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716
西南大学长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心, 重庆 400716 | | | 付建 | 重庆市铜梁区农业农村委员会, 重庆 401120 | | | 詹雪萍 | 重庆市铜梁区农业农村委员会, 重庆 401120 | | | 陈静 | 重庆市农业科学院, 重庆 401329 | | | 陈新平 | 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716
西南大学长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心, 重庆 400716 | | | 王孝忠 | 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716
西南大学长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心, 重庆 400716 | wxz20181707@swu.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为解决西南地区集约化蔬菜生产肥料投入量高、养分配比不平衡导致的养分损失量高、肥料利用率低、环境代价大等问题，实现区域蔬菜绿色可持续发展，本研究以西南地区露地甘蓝为研究对象，采用田间试验，设置不施肥（CK）、农户习惯（FP）、优化养分的作物专用肥（OPT1）处理、缓控释配方肥处理（OPT2）和添加硝化抑制剂稳定性配方肥处理（OPT3）5种不同肥料管理策略，结合生命周期评价方法，揭示不同新型肥料对露地甘蓝在农学效应、肥效效应与环境效应方面的综合影响。结果表明：与FP相比，OPT1、OPT2、OPT3在平均减少氮、磷、钾肥用量36.9%、65.2%和62.1%的条件下，能够实现甘蓝总产量增加2.51%~7.53%，氮肥利用率提高168.7%~228.6%，收获期氮累积量提高15.4%~35.3%；单位面积活性氮损失降低66.7%~85.9%，温室气体排放显著降低26.3%~27.2%；同时提高净经济效益13.0%~18.4%，生态系统净经济效益14.5%~31.7%。与其他优化处理相比，稳定性配方肥处理总产量较作物专用肥提高3.1%，较缓控释配方肥提高4.6%；收获期氮累积量较作物专用肥提高13.5%，较缓控释配方肥提高17.3%；单位面积上的活性氮损失较作物专用肥降低28.9%，较缓控释配方肥降低57.9%；生态系统净经济效益较作物专用肥增加15.0%，较缓控释配方肥增加9.5%。研究表明，优化施肥配施硝化抑制剂效果最优。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Southwest China is one of the dominant production area of vegetables in China. However, the problems of high fertilizer input and unbalanced nutrient distribution ratio in intensive vegetable production in this area lead to high nutrient loss, low fertilizer utilization efficiency, and high environmental costs. It is urgent to propose optimized nutrient management measures to achieve green and sustainable development of regional vegetable production. Therefore, in this study, five different fertilizer management strategies were established in a field trial with cabbage in Southwest China：no fertilization（CK）, farmer's fertilizer practice（FP）, optimized nutrient crop-specific fertilizer（OPT1）, controlled release formulated fertilizer（OPT2）, and stabilized formulated fertilizer with nitrification inhibitors（OPT3）. Life cycle assessment method was used to reveal the combined effects of different novel fertilizers on the agronomic, fertilizer, and environmental effects of cabbage. The results showed that compared with FP, optimized fertilization management combined with different new fertilizer products（slow/controlled release fertilizer and stable fertilizer）increased the total cabbage yield by 2.51%-7.53%, improved the nitrogen use efficiency by 168.7%-228.6%, and enhanced the crop nitrogen accumulation by 15.4%-35.3%, while reducing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer application by an average of 36.9%, 65.2%, and 62.1%, respectively. They also decreased reactive nitrogen losses per area and greenhouse gas emissions by 66.7%-85.9% and 26.3%-27.2%, respectively. Additionally, they increased the net economic benefit and net ecosystem economic benefit by 13.0%-18.4% and 14.5%-31.7%, respectively. Furthermore, compared with the crop -specific fertilizer treatment（OPT1）and the slow / controlled formulated fertilizer treatment（OPT2）, the stabilized formulated fertilizer treatment（OPT3）increased total cabbage yield by 3.1% and 4.6%, enhanced crop nitrogen accumulation at harvest by 13.5% and 17.3%, reduced reactive nitrogen losses per area by 28.9% and 57.9%, and respectively increased net ecosystem economic benefits by 15.0% and 9.5%. In summary, optimized fertilization in combination with nitrification inhibitor treatment（OPT3）showed the best overall effects. The results of this study are of great significance for achieving environmentally friendly vegetable production in Southwest China. |
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