| 管西林,刘传云,王孝忠,陈绪昊,高明,李彦,陈新平.山东省主栽设施果类蔬菜养分投入与环境代价[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(5):1233-1244. |
| 山东省主栽设施果类蔬菜养分投入与环境代价 |
| Nutrient input and environmental cost of main plastic shed fruit vegetables in Shandong Province |
| 投稿时间：2024-07-24 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0626 |
| 中文关键词: 设施果类蔬菜 肥料投入 环境代价 养分累积 |
| 英文关键词: plastic shed fruit vegetable fertilizer input environmental cost nutrient accumulation |
| 基金项目:山东省青年基金项目（ZR2023QD044）；山东省重点研发计划项目（2023TZXD088）；国家“十三五”重点研发专项（2017YFD0800403） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为定量化设施果类蔬菜养分投入，实现设施果蔬优质高产、绿色高效生产，本研究以山东省典型设施果类蔬菜为研究对象，基于通过农户调研与土壤样品采集测定收集的数据，结合对现有文献的综述，使用生命周期评价方法，系统分析研究区域设施果类蔬菜生产的施肥现状、土壤养分状况和环境代价及其相关关系。结果表明：山东省主栽设施果类蔬菜养分投入量高，设施番茄、黄瓜、辣椒、茄子的氮（以N计）、磷（以P2O5计）、钾（以K2O计）投入量平均达到743、600、740 kg·hm-2，施肥变异系数较大（CV=30.3%~43.9%），大量的肥料投入造成了较高的养分盈余，进而导致表层土壤（0~30 cm）养分含量显著升高，同时导致了较高的环境代价。设施果类蔬菜的单位面积上活性氮损失、温室气体排放、富营养化效应和酸化效应均以黄瓜生产系统最高，分别达225 kg·hm-2、10 058 kg CO2e·hm-2、124 kg PO4e·hm-2和63.4 kg SO2e·hm-2，其次是茄子、番茄和辣椒。氮素盈余是导致活性氮损失的最主要因素，氮、磷、钾肥料的生产过程和施用过程是设施果类蔬菜温室气体排放、富营养化效应和酸化效应的主要贡献因子，贡献率高达80%以上。因此，为保证设施果类蔬菜产业绿色优质高质量发展，应通过优化设施蔬菜养分资源综合管理策略来减少养分盈余、降低环境代价。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to quantify the current nutrient inputs, optimize the nutrient management strategy of plastic shed vegetable, and to achieve high-quality, high-yield, green and efficient plastic shed vegetable production, the nutrient input, soil nutrient status, environmental cost and their relationships of plastic shed fruit vegetables in Shandong Province were systematically quantified based on farmer survey and life cycle assessment, combined with the review of existing literature. Results showed that the average nitrogen（N）, phosphorus（P）and potassium（K）inputs of tomato, cucumber, pepper and eggplant were 743 kg·hm-2, 600 kg·hm-2, 740 kg·hm-2. The fertilizer input variation coefficient was high（CV=30.3%- 43.9%）, the high inputs of nutrient caused high nutrient surplus, surface soil nutrient content and environmental cost. The reactive nitrogen loss, greenhouse gas emission, eutrophication and acidification were the highest in cucumber production system, averaged 225 kg·hm-2, 10 058 kg CO2e·hm-2, 124 kg PO4e·hm-2 and 63.4 kg SO2e·hm-2, eggplant, tomato and pepper followed. The production and application of N, P and K fertilizers were the main contributing factors to the high environmental costs of plastic shed fruit vegetables, accounting for more than 80% proportion. Therefore, in order to ensure the green and high-quality development of the plastic shed fruit vegetable industry, the production cost and environmental cost should be reduced by optimizing fertilization management strategies. |
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