镉/铅低积累水稻品种筛选及其人体健康风险评价

陈婷; 龙胜楼; 孙媛媛; 钟霖; 商成梅; 唐明; 秦樊鑫

文章摘要

陈婷,龙胜楼,孙媛媛,钟霖,商成梅,唐明,秦樊鑫.镉/铅低积累水稻品种筛选及其人体健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(5):1178-1189.

镉/铅低积累水稻品种筛选及其人体健康风险评价

Screening and human health risk assessment of rice varieties with cadmium/lead low accumulation

投稿时间：2024-08-09

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0667

中文关键词: 水稻品种筛选重金属低积累风险评价

英文关键词: rice variety selection heavy metal low accumulation risk assessment

基金项目:贵州省科技厅支撑计划项目（黔科合支撑〔2023〕-217）

作者	单位	E-mail
陈婷	贵州师范大学贵州省植物生理与发育调控重点实验室, 贵阳 550001 贵州师范大学国家林业局西南喀斯特山地生物多样性保护重点实验室, 贵阳 550001 贵州师范大学生命科学学院, 贵阳 550001
龙胜楼	贵州师范大学贵州省植物生理与发育调控重点实验室, 贵阳 550001 贵州师范大学国家林业局西南喀斯特山地生物多样性保护重点实验室, 贵阳 550001 贵州师范大学生命科学学院, 贵阳 550001
孙媛媛	贵州师范大学贵州省植物生理与发育调控重点实验室, 贵阳 550001 贵州师范大学国家林业局西南喀斯特山地生物多样性保护重点实验室, 贵阳 550001 贵州师范大学生命科学学院, 贵阳 550001	sunyuanyuan@gznu.edu.cn
钟霖	贵州师范大学贵州省植物生理与发育调控重点实验室, 贵阳 550001 贵州师范大学国家林业局西南喀斯特山地生物多样性保护重点实验室, 贵阳 550001 贵州师范大学生命科学学院, 贵阳 550001
商成梅	贵州师范大学贵州省植物生理与发育调控重点实验室, 贵阳 550001 贵州师范大学国家林业局西南喀斯特山地生物多样性保护重点实验室, 贵阳 550001 贵州师范大学生命科学学院, 贵阳 550001
唐明	贵州师范大学贵州省植物生理与发育调控重点实验室, 贵阳 550001 贵州师范大学国家林业局西南喀斯特山地生物多样性保护重点实验室, 贵阳 550001 贵州师范大学生命科学学院, 贵阳 550001
秦樊鑫	贵州师范大学贵州省植物生理与发育调控重点实验室, 贵阳 550001 贵州师范大学国家林业局西南喀斯特山地生物多样性保护重点实验室, 贵阳 550001 贵州师范大学生命科学学院, 贵阳 550001

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中文摘要:

为筛选出适用镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）中轻度污染农田栽植的水稻高产低积累品种并评价稻米摄入对人体健康风险的影响，以研究区域主栽的20个品种水稻（R01~R20）为研究对象，开展田间小区试验，分析不同品种水稻对重金属的吸收累积差异。结果表明：20个品种水稻地上各部位Cd含量由大到小依次为茎叶>稻米>稻壳，Pb含量大小依次为茎叶>稻壳>稻米。其中，13个品种稻米Cd含量、19个品种稻米Pb含量符合国家安全标准值（0.2 mg·kg^-1）。各品种间的Cd、Pb转移系数（TF）和富集系数（BCF）差异显著，Cd在水稻地上各部位之间的转移系数大小为TF_{茎叶-稻米}>TF_{茎叶-稻壳}，而Pb则相反。Cd的TF_{茎叶-稻米}最大值是最小值的5.34倍，而Pb是21.77倍；Cd的TF_{茎叶-稻壳}最大值是最小值的4.27倍，而Pb是9.67倍。Cd的富集系数最大值是最小值的39.0倍，而Pb是119倍。此外，与Pb相比，水稻表现出优异的Cd转移和积累能力。稻米Cd、Pb含量和水稻产量聚类分析结果显示，百香优005（R02）为高产低Cd低Pb积累品种。单因子污染指数（P_i）和总目标危险系数（TTHQ）分析显示，研究区稻米重金属污染的主要贡献因子和食用当地稻米产生的健康风险都源于Cd，且百香优005最符合品种筛选和培育的要求。

英文摘要:

This study endeavors to identify rice cultivars that demonstrate high yield alongside low accumulation of cadmium（Cd）and lead （Pb）when cultivated in mildly contaminated farmland. Additionally, it assesses the potential human health risks associated with the consumption of brown rice grown under such conditions. A field plot experiment was conducted to investigate the variations in heavy metal absorption and accumulation among 20 different rice varieties（R01~R20）. The results demonstrated that the concentration of Cd in various components of the rice varieties followed this sequence：stems and leaves > brown rice >rice husk. In contrast, the concentration of Pb was ranked as follows：stems and leaves >rice husk > brown rice. Notably, the Cd content in brown rice from 13 varieties and the Pb content from 19 varieties conformed to the national safety standard of 0.2 mg · kg^-1. Significant variations in the translocation factor（TF）and bioconcentration factor（BCF）of Cd and Pb were observed among the different rice varieties. The transfer coefficient for Cd showed a higher value for the TF of stems and leaves compared to the TF of stems, leaves, and husk, while the opposite trend was noted for Pb. The maximum concentration of Cd in the stems and leaves of the tested plants was found to be 5.34 times greater than the minimum concentration, whereas the concentration of Pb was 21.77 times higher. In the stems and husks, the maximum concentration of Cd was 4.27 times that of the minimum concentration, while the maximum concentration of Pb was 9.67 times greater. The maximum enrichment factor for Cd was 39 times its minimum value, while Pb exhibited an increase of 119 times. Furthermore, rice demonstrated a greater capacity to transfer and accumulate Cd compared to Pb. Cluster analysis of Cd and Pb content in relation to rice yield revealed that Baixiangyou 005 （R02）is a high-yielding variety characterized by low accumulation of both Cd and Pb. The findings from the single-factor pollution index （P_i） and total target hazard quotient（TTHQ）reveal that Cd is the predominant contributor to heavy metal pollution in the study area, posing significant health risks associated with the consumption of locally brown rice. Therefore, Baixiangyou 005 is strongly recommended for selection and cultivation.

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