| 牛浩泽,张超,贺峰,王姊煜,袁梦瑶,赖潘民旺,郭军康.陕西秦岭矿区农田土壤和作物重金属污染特征及健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(4):975-989. |
| 陕西秦岭矿区农田土壤和作物重金属污染特征及健康风险评价 |
| Characteristics and health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil and crops in Qinling mining area，Shaanxi Province |
| 投稿时间：2024-07-03 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0559 |
| 中文关键词: 秦岭矿区 重金属 农田土壤 作物 健康风险评价 |
| 英文关键词: Qinling mining area heavy metal pollution farmland soil crops health risk assessment |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42407027，41977274）；陕西省教育厅科技项目（23JK0353）；陕西省重点研发计划产业链项目（2022ZDLNY02-02，2024NC-ZDCYL-02-15） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究陕西秦岭不同矿区农田土壤、作物重金属污染特征及健康风险，自秦岭陕西段至东部选择10个矿区，采集并测定了214个表层土壤（0~20 cm）、160份玉米和160份小白菜样品中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn的含量。采用单因子、综合污染、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评价了该农田土壤矿区重金属污染特征，采用Pearson相关性分析和主成分分析方法初步探究了该区农田土壤重金属的来源，选用美国环保署（USEPA）开发的健康风险评价模型对矿区农田土壤及作物进行健康风险评价。结果表明：陕西秦岭矿区周边农田土壤普遍存在重金属污染，土壤中Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn的平均含量分别为陕西省土壤背景值的11.03、1.49、1.82、5.52 倍和 1.27 倍，两种作物中 Cr、As、Cd 和 Pb 的含量均有超出《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》（GB 2762—022）阈值的情况，土壤中 Cd 达到偏重污染及以上污染等级的点位占比为 13.60%，土壤重金属潜在生态风险指数值平均值为162.31，达到高风险及以上潜在生态风险等级的点位占比为35.38%；相关性分析表明，这些重金属可能有着共同的污染源，主成分分析表明矿产开采活动为矿区农田土壤重金属污染的主要来源；农田土壤重金属对儿童和成人均存在非致癌和致癌风险，作物对人群可能产生致癌危害，其中作物中的Cr、As、Pb和Cd是主要的风险元素。研究表明，因受矿区开采活动的影响，土壤重金属污染程度较为严重，作物中重金属含量超出标准，研究地块存在显著的生态风险与健康风险。因此，有必要加强对重金属的监测工作。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the characteristics and health risks of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil and crops in different mining areas of Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi Province, 10 mining areas were selected from the Shaanxi section to the east of Qinling Mountains. The contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in 214 surface soil samples（0-20 cm）, 160 corn and 160 Chinese cabbage samples were collected and measured. The characteristics of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil and mining areas in the study area were evaluated using single factor, comprehensive pollution, land accumulation index method, and potential ecological risk index method. Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis methods were used to preliminarily explore the sources of heavy metals in farmland soil in the study area. The health risk assessment model developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency（USEPA）was used to evaluate the health risks of farmland soil and crops in the study area. The results showed that heavy metal pollution was widespread in the farmland soil around the Qinling mining area in Shaanxi Province. The average contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the soil of the study area were 11.03, 1.49, 1.82, 5.52 times, and 1.27 times the background values of soil in Shaanxi Province, respectively. The contents of Cr, As, Cd, and Pb in both crops exceeded the threshold of the National Standard for Food Safety-Limits of Pollutants in Food（GB 2762—2022）. The proportion of points with Cd reaching the level of heavy pollution or above in the soil was 13.60%, the average value of the potential ecological risk index of heavy metals in the soil was 162.31, and the proportion of points with high risk or above potential ecological risk level was 35.38%; Correlation analysis indicates that these heavy metals may have common sources of pollution, while principal component analysis suggests that mineral mining activities are the main source of heavy metal pollution in farmland soils in the study area; Heavy metals in farmland soil pose non carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to both children and adults, while crops may pose carcinogenic hazards to populations. Among them, Cr, As, Pb, and Cd in crops are the main risk elements. In summary, it was found that the research site is severely affected by mining activities, resulting in severe soil heavy metal pollution. The heavy metal content in crops exceeds the standard, posing significant ecological and health risks. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of heavy metals. |
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