| 胡雨嘉,胡泽宇,莫虎,蒙振思,张亚楠,白少元.组合人工湿地在农村污水处理中的应用及对PPCPs的去除效果[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(3):769-783. |
| 组合人工湿地在农村污水处理中的应用及对PPCPs的去除效果 |
| The application of hybrid constructed wetlands in rural sewage treatment and the removal effect on PPCPs |
| 投稿时间：2025-01-16 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0051 |
| 中文关键词: 农村生活污水 组合型人工湿地 生态处理 常规污染物 药物及个人护理产品(PPCPs) |
| 英文关键词: rural domestic sewage hybrid constructed wetlands ecological treatment conventional pollutants pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs) |
| 基金项目:广西重点研发计划项目（桂科AB22080067）；国家自然科学基金项目（52360024，52260024） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨人工湿地对农村生活污水的处理情况，本研究以运行多年的“垂直流+两级水平潜流”组合人工湿地农村生活污水处理工程为对象，通过对典型年份进出水水质的监测，研究了各湿地单元对污染物去除的贡献，同时调查了该工程中药物及个人护理产品（PPCPs）的存在与去除情况。结果表明：因农村人口相对较少，污水水质受村中餐馆经营状况影响较大，特别是有机物，餐馆关闭后，进水中化学需氧量（COD）浓度降低近60%；运行期间，人工湿地具有良好的抗冲击负荷能力，出水COD、氨氮（NH+4-N）及总磷（TP）平均浓度分别为41.27、13.67、2.95 mg·L-1。有机物主要依靠微生物分解与植物吸收去除，垂直流湿地水流与基质、微生物、植物根系接触更充分，且为半饱和态，微生物多样性高、氧气传输好，利于微生物分解，因此对 COD 去除贡献率最高，达62.90%。TP去除主要是基质吸附作用的结果，水平流一级湿地去除贡献率为59.13%，在3组湿地中表现最优。TN与NH+4-N在各级湿地中，借助氨化、硝化反硝化等反应逐步去除。此外，进水中共检出19种PPCPs，人工湿地对PPCPs的去除效果显著，其降解机制涉及植物吸收代谢、微生物分解、基质吸附和光解等多种途径。研究发现，PPCPs的去除效率与其在基质中的分配系数（Kd）呈负相关，Kd值较低的PPCPs由于其较高的溶解性和生物可利用性，在人工湿地中更容易通过植物吸收、微生物降解和光解等机制去除。研究表明，组合人工湿地抗冲击负荷能力强，对常规污染物及PPCPs的去除效果较好。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the treatment of rural domestic sewage by constructed wetlands, this study takes the "vertical flow+two-stage horizontal subsurface flow" hybrid constructed wetlands rural domestic sewage treatment project that has been in operation for many years as the object, monitors the changes in influent and effluent water quality in typical years during operation, and the contribution of each wetland unit to pollutant removal. At the same time, the existence and removal of typical new pollutants pharmaceuticals and personal care products（PPCPs）in the project were investigated. The results indicated that due to the relatively small rural population, the quality of sewage was greatly affected by the operating conditions of restaurants in the village, especially organic matter. After the restaurant closed, the chemical oxygen demand（COD）concentration in the influent water decreased by nearly 60%. During operation, the constructed wetlands had good resistance to shock lOads, with average effluent COD, ammonia nitrogen（NH+4-N）, and total phosphorus（TP） concentrations of 41.27, 13.67 mg·L-1, and 2.95 mg·L-1, respectively. Organic matter was mainly removed through microbial decomposition and plant absorption. In the vertical flow wetland, the water flow had more sufficient contact with the substrate, microorganisms, and plant roots. Moreover, it was in a semi-saturated state, with high microbial diversity and good oxygen transfer, which was conducive to microbial decomposition. Therefore, it had the highest contribution rate to the removal of COD, reaching 62.90%. The removal of TP was mainly the result of the adsorption effect of the substrate. The removal contribution rate of the first-level horizontal flow wetland was 59.13%, and it performed the best among the three groups of wetlands. TN and NH+4-N were gradually removed in wetlands at all levels through reactions such as ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification. In addition, a total of 19 types of PPCPs were detected in the influent water. The constructed wetland had a remarkable removal effect on PPCPs, and its degradation mechanism involved various pathways such as plant absorption and metabolism, microbial decomposition, substrate adsorption, and photolysis. The study found that the removal efficiency of PPCPs was negatively correlated with their distribution coefficient（Kd）in the substrate. PPCPs with lower Kd values were more easily removed through mechanisms such as plant absorption, microbial degradation, and photolysis in constructed wetlands due to their higher solubility and bioavailability. The study showed that hybrid constructed wetlands had strong resistance to shock lOads and performed well in removing conventional pollutants and PPCPs. |
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