| 卞雯茹,王东红,杜川,刘权震,谢咏昌,林利华,梁文艳.农业机械化作业对三江平原农田土壤PAHs分布特征的影响及风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(3):685-695. |
| 农业机械化作业对三江平原农田土壤PAHs分布特征的影响及风险评价 |
| Impact and risk assessment of agricultural mechanization operations on the distribution characteristics of PAHs in farmland soils in the Sanjiang Plain |
| 投稿时间：2025-01-06 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0012 |
| 中文关键词: 农业机械化作业 农田土壤 多环芳烃 生态风险评价 三江平原 |
| 英文关键词: agricultural mechanized operations farmland soil PAHs ecological risk assessment the Sanjiang Plain |
| 基金项目:中国科学院先导A类专项（XDA28100503）；国家自然科学基金项目（22406193，51672028） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 卞雯茹 | 北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院, 北京 100083
中国科学院生态环境研究中心工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心, 北京 100085 | | | 王东红 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心, 北京 100085
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 | dhwang@rcees.ac.cn | | 杜川 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心, 北京 100085
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 | | | 刘权震 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心, 北京 100085 | | | 谢咏昌 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心, 北京 100085
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 | | | 林利华 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心工业废水无害化与资源化国家工程研究中心, 北京 100085 | | | 梁文艳 | 北京林业大学环境科学与工程学院, 北京 100083 | lwy@bjfu.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨农业机械化作业活动可能导致的多环芳烃（PAHs）在农田土壤中的残留问题，本研究于2022—2023年在我国三江平原作物生长期和成熟期的土壤开展样品采集，应用加压溶剂萃取-气相色谱质谱联用的分析技术，对16种优先控制的PAHs进行分析。结果表明：作物成熟期，农田土壤中 Σ16PAHs含量高于作物生长期，均值达到 218.26 μg·kg-1，但与国内其他商品粮种植基地相比处于偏低水平；对采样点所在的农田区域依据种植规模进行划分后发现，大规模耕种区域平均Σ16PAHs含量在成熟期高于小规模耕种区域；同分异构比值法分析表明，成熟期大规模耕种区域土壤中的PAHs主要源于煤炭、生物质燃烧和石油源，而小规模耕种区域的PAHs主要源于煤炭和生物质燃烧，进一步说明农田土壤中PAHs的来源可能与农业机械化作业有关；对比成熟期不同农场区域的农田土壤发现，友谊农场农田土壤中平均Σ16PAHs含量要低于兴凯湖农场，推测可能是不同农场机械化水平的差异造成的。依据《土壤环境质量 农用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》（GB 15618—2018），对不同耕种区域内的苯并[a]芘（BaP）开展风险评估，大规模与小规模耕种区域内BaP低于风险筛选值，说明该研究区域内农田土壤污染风险较低。同时，应用效应区间中低值法，对成熟期不同耕种规模农田土壤中PAHs进行生态风险评估，发现农田土壤中PAHs尚未对环境造成显著的负面影响，但不同耕种规模农田土壤中PAHs生态风险值存在差异，大规模耕种区域农田土壤中芴（Flu）和菲（Phe）的生态风险值分别已达到效应区间低值（ERL）的35.42%和16.56%，比小规模耕种区域高出10.43个和7.44个百分点。研究结果表明，农业机械化作业对三江平原农田土壤PAHs污染水平及分布特征存在影响，对于大规模农业机械化作业的农田土壤中的PAHs污染需要予以进一步关注。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the residues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs）in farmland as a result of agricultural mechanization activities, soil sample collection was carried out in soils during the growing and maturing periods of crops in the Sanjiang Plain of China in 2022—2023, and accelerated solvent extraction（ASE）-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）was applied to analyze the 16 priority control PAHs. The results showed that the concentration of Σ16PAHs during the crop maturity period in farmland soil was higher than that of the crop growth period, with an average value of 218.26 μg·kg-1. But compared with other domestic commercial grain planting bases, the concentration is at a lower level. According to the planting scale, the average Σ16PAHs in the large-scale cultivation area was higher than that in the small-scale cultivation area during the maturity period. The analysis by the isomerism ratio method showed that PAHs in the soil of large-scale cultivation area in the maturity period mainly originated from coal, biomass combustion and petroleum sources, while PAHs in the soil of small-scale cultivation area mainly originated from coal and biomass combustion, which further indicated that the source of PAHs in the soil of the farmland may be related to the mechanized operation of the agriculture. The average Σ16PAHs concentration in the soil of Youyi farm was lower than that of Xingkaihu farm at maturity, which may be due to the difference in mechanization level of different farms. According to the Soil environmental quality Risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land（GB 15618—2018）, the risk assessment of benzo[a]pyrene（BaP）was carried out in different cultivated areas, and BaP did not reach the risk screening value in the large-scale and small-scale cultivation areas, which indicated that the risk of soil pollution on farmland in the study area was low. Meanwhile, the low and medium values of the effect intervals method was applied to assess the ecological risk of PAHs in farmland soils of different cultivated areas during the mature period. PAHs in farmland soil have not yet caused significant negative impacts on the environment, but there are differences in the ecological risk values of PAHs in farmland soil at different cultivation scales. However, the ecological risk values of Flu and Phe in farmland soil in large-scale cultivation areas have reached 35.42% and 16.56% of the effects range low value, respectively, which are 10.43 and 7.44 percentage points higher than those in small-scale cultivation areas. Agricultural mechanization operations have an impact on the pollution level and distribution characteristics of PAHs in the farmland soil of the Sanjiang Plain, suggesting that further attention should be paid to the PAHs pollution in large-scale agricultural mechanization soil. |
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