| 李曦彤,盛优莹,张玲玉,徐燕星,胡小婕.新污染物在水土食物链中的迁移转化行为[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(3):617-629. |
| 新污染物在水土食物链中的迁移转化行为 |
| Migration and transformation dynamics of emerging contaminants in aquatic-terrestrial food chains |
| 投稿时间：2025-02-18 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0150 |
| 中文关键词: 新污染物 水土食物链 积累与排出 迁移机制 |
| 英文关键词: emerging contaminants water and soil food chain accumulation and excretion migration mechanism |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42477026）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目（KJYQ2024041） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 水土环境中的新污染物严重威胁生态安全与人类健康，食物链是其引发风险的关键途径。本文对水土环境食物链中新污染物迁移相关研究进展进行了总结与归纳。水环境中微塑料、抗生素与持久性有机污染物的迁移呈现显著差异：微塑料因水生生物的吸收、选择性摄食与排泄行为的动态平衡，在食物链中表现出富集与消减并存的双向趋势；抗生素则因生物代谢活动的逐级强化，其浓度沿营养级呈现衰减特征；与之相反，高疏水性的持久性有机污染物通过脂质分配机制在生物体内持续积累，表现出典型的生物放大效应；低脂溶性的内分泌干扰物依赖蛋白质结合在高营养级蓄积，高脂溶性的内分泌干扰物则通过脂质介导的生物放大沿食物链富集。土壤环境中，抗生素抗性基因的迁移更具复杂性，其通过植物水分吸收、动物摄食、空气沉降等多途径传递，并借助水平基因转移在土壤-蔬菜-昆虫食物链中跨物种扩散，显著增加了健康风险。本文通过分析新污染物的迁移机制，深化了对新污染物生态毒性效应理解，并为新污染物控制提供科学依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Emerging contaminants in water and soil environments pose severe threats to ecological security and human health, with the food chain serving as a critical pathway mediating the risk spread. This paper provides a comprehensive summary and synthesis of recent research advancements concerning the migration behaviors and mechanisms of emerging contaminants within aquatic and terrestrial food chains. Specifically, the migration of microplastics, antibiotics, and persistent organic pollutants in aquatic systems exhibits notable differences. Microplastics show a bidirectional trend of accumulation and depletion within the food chain, driven by the dynamic balance between aquatic organisms′ absorption, selective feeding, and excretion processes. Antibiotics, by contrast, exhibit a gradual decline in concentration along trophic levels, largely due to stepwise enhancement of metabolic degradation. In contrast, highly hydrophobic persistent organic pollutants continuously accumulate within organisms through lipid partitioning, resulting in pronounced biomagnification. Lowlipid-soluble endocrine-disrupting chemicals accumulate in higher trophic levels by relying on protein binding, while highly lipid-soluble endocrine-disrupting chemicals undergo lipid-mediated biomagnification along the food chain. In terrestrial environments, the migration of antibiotic resistance genes is even more complex. Antibiotic resistance genes spread across species in the soil-vegetable-insect food chain through multiple pathways, including plant water uptake, animal feeding, and atmospheric deposition, further facilitated by horizontal gene transfer, thereby significantly elevating health risks. By analyzing the migration mechanisms of emerging contaminants, this review deepens our understanding of their ecological toxicological effects and provides a scientific basis for their control and management. |
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