| 汪彤馨,宋伟杰,周娈,陈旭文,高彦征.土壤中微囊藻毒素的污染特征及其对作物的危害[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(3):594-604. |
| 土壤中微囊藻毒素的污染特征及其对作物的危害 |
| Pollution characteristics of microcystins in soil and their harm to crops |
| 投稿时间：2024-12-20 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-1146 |
| 中文关键词: 蓝藻水华 土壤污染 蔬菜 根际效应 迁移 |
| 英文关键词: cyanobacterial blooms soil pollution vegetable rhizosphere effect migrate |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42307031）；中国博士后科学基金项目（2024T170417，2023M731723）；江苏省卓越博士后计划项目（2023ZB478）；国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFC3708100） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在蓝藻水华发生过程中常伴随着微囊藻毒素（MCs）的产生。MCs经灌溉、溢流、藻肥施用等方式进入土壤后可被农作物吸收富集，并通过食物链进入人体，严重威胁环境和人体健康。本文分析了土壤中MCs的来源和污染特征，发现灌溉是MCs进入土壤的主要途径，土壤中MCs的累积量高达276 μg·kg-1，而且土壤中MCs污染具有普遍性、稳定性以及难去除等特点。本文探究了MCs在农田土壤与粮食、蔬菜作物中的累积、迁移及危害，发现土壤中MCs在作物生长的各个时期均可被吸收累积，其在青菜、油菜中的累积量较高，尤其在成熟作物的可食用部位。MCs在作物体内的累积呈现根>叶>茎的规律。MCs会降低作物种子的发芽率，抑制个体生长，使个体形态发生改变，以及通过降低超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶等酶的活性使生理生化性质发生改变。此外，MCs对作物幼苗的影响大于成熟植株。文章提出了根际效应可能是影响MCs从土壤到作物迁移的主要原因，是未来值得关注的研究方向，该研究为探索MCs的污染问题以及减少其环境风险提供了新的思路。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Microcystins（MCs）are a class of biotoxins that are released in large quantities during the occurrence of harmful cyanobacterial blooms, and it can enter the soil through irrigation, overflow, algal fertilizer application. MCs are easily absorbed and enriched by crops, and could migrate to human body through the food chain, which seriously threatening the environment and human health. In this paper, the source and pollution characteristics of MCs in soil were analyzed, and it was found that irrigation was the main way for MCs to enter the soil, and the accumulation concentration in soil was as high as 276 μg·kg-1. MCs pollution in soil is pervasive, persistent and difficult to removal. The accumulation, migration and harm of MCs in soil and crops were explored. It was found that MCs in the soil could be absorbed and accumulated in all crop growth cycles, and the accumulation content of MCs in brassica chinensis and brassica napus was relatively high, especially in the edible parts of mature crops, and the accumulation in crops often shows the law of roots>leaves>stems. MCs in crops can reduce the germination rate of crop seeds, inhibit individual growth, change individual morphology, and it also can change physiological and biochemical properties of crops by reducing the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and other enzymes. Moreover, the effect of MCs on seedlings is more serious than that on mature plants. It is proposed that the rhizosphere effect may be the main reason that affecting MCs migration from soil to crops, which is a worthy research direction in the future, and this work provides new ideas for studying the pollution of MCs and reducing the environment risk. |
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