| 范东东,胡亮亮,赵璐峰,何磊,唐建军,陈欣.稻鱼共生系统甲烷排放及影响因素[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(2):518-526. |
| 稻鱼共生系统甲烷排放及影响因素 |
| Methane emission and the effecting factors in rice-fish system |
| 投稿时间：2025-01-23 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2025-0084 |
| 中文关键词: 稻鱼系统 水稻产量 鱼产量 甲烷排放 鱼养殖密度 饲料氮比例 模拟扰动 |
| 英文关键词: rice-fish system methane emission rice yield fish yield fish stocking density fish feed simulated fish activity |
| 基金项目:浙江省“尖兵”研发攻关计划项目（2022C02008）；国家自然科学基金项目（32401341） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 与水稻单作系统相比，稻鱼共生系统保持较长时间和较深的淹水状况，因而稻鱼共生是否会增加稻田甲烷（CH4）排放这一问题一直受到关注。本研究采用田间受控试验，研究传统稻鱼共生系统 CH4排放特征以及鱼饲养量提升和饲料投放比例对CH4排放的影响；并通过行为扰动模拟实验，分析鱼扰动是否对CH4排放产生影响。结果表明，传统稻鱼共生系统与水稻单作系统的CH4排放通量变化动态呈相似的趋势（即移栽后排放通量逐渐增加，分蘖盛期和幼穗分化期达高峰，开花期后逐渐下降），传统稻鱼共生系统的平均CH4排放通量低于水稻单作系统。稻鱼共生系统中，实际鱼产量随着所设目标产量和相应饲料输入量的提高而增加，水稻产量保持稳定；与水稻单作系统相比，稻田CH4排放通量随鱼产量增加呈增加趋势，当鱼目标产量达1.5 t·hm-2时，稻田CH4排放通量的增加达显著水平。在目标产量为1.5 t·hm-2、总输入氮（肥料氮+饲料氮）量为120 kg·hm-2的情景下，随着饲料氮占总氮比例提高，鱼的产量显著增加而水稻产量保持稳定，但稻田 CH4排放通量呈增加趋势；当饲料氮占总氮比例提高到62.5%时，稻田CH4排放通量的增加达显著水平（与水稻单作系统相比）。模拟实验表明，鱼的活动所引起的土壤扰动对稻田CH4排放通量无显著影响，但显著提高甲烷氧化菌功能基因（pmoA）的丰度。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Compare to rice monoculture, rice-fish system often maintains a longer and deeper field water. Whether rice-fish system would increase methane（CH4）emissions from rice paddies has been a concern. In this study, we first compare yields of rice and fish, and CH4 emissions under rice monoculture（RM）, rice-fish coculture（RF）and fish monoculture（FM）in a field experiment. Then, we examine the effects of levels of fish yield and fish feed input on yields of rice and fish, and CH4 emissions by conducting controlled field experiments. We also investigate whether fish bioturbation affect CH4 emissions by a simulated mesocosm experiment. Our results showed that traditional rice-fish system（i. e. low fish yield without commercial fish feed input）had similar trend of CH4 emission flux as rice monoculture, which the emission flux gradually increased after transplantation, reaching its peak during the tillering and panicle primordium differentiating stages, and gradually decreased after the flowering stage. In the rice-fish system, fish yield increased and rice yield was stable when fish stocking density increasing with fish feed input. Compare to rice monoculture, CH4 emission flux significantly increased when fish target yield reached 1.5 t·hm-2（i.e. fish stocking density at rate of 6 000 ind·hm-2）. In the scenario where the target yield was 1.5 t·hm-2 and the total nitrogen（N）input （fertilizer-N+feed-N）is 120 kg·hm-2, as the proportion of feed-N to total N increases, fish yield significantly increases while rice yield remains stable. However, the CH4 emission flux from paddy fields showed an increasing trend. When the proportion of feed-N to total N increased to 62.5%, the increase in CH4 emission flux from paddy fields reached a significant level at P<0.05（compared to rice monoculture）. Simulation experiments showed that simulated fish activity did not significantly affect soil CH4 emission flux in paddy fields, but significantly increased the abundance of methane oxidizing bacteria functional genes （pmoA）. Our results are of significance for how to balance the rice yield, fish yield, and environmental effects of the rice-fish system to ensure its sustainable development. |
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