| 马啸驰,白亚涛,韩烽,吴景贵,马艳.菇渣有机肥施用量对不同质地土壤养分提升及葡萄幼苗生长的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(2):428-439. |
| 菇渣有机肥施用量对不同质地土壤养分提升及葡萄幼苗生长的影响 |
| Effects of application amounts of spent mushroom substrate compost on soil fertility and grapevine growth in different textural soils |
| 投稿时间：2024-05-19 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0422 |
| 中文关键词: 菇渣 果园土壤 养分 微生物 光合作用 根系 |
| 英文关键词: spent mushroom substrate orchard soil nutrient microorganism photosynthesis root |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42307438）；江苏省基础研究计划自然科学基金项目（BK20230750）；江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目（CX（21）2024）；南京市留学人员科技创新择优资助项目（3501230396）；江苏省农业科学院基本科研业务专项（ZX（24）3003） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究菇渣有机肥不同施用量对不同质地土壤养分含量与主要微生物数量变化、葡萄幼苗养分分配规律、光合作用及根系生长的影响，以阳光玫瑰葡萄幼苗为应试品种，开展盆栽试验。在壤土和黏壤土中均设置5种菇渣有机肥施用量（g·kg-1，肥料干质量/干土质量）：0（T0）、10（T1）、20（T2）、40（T3）、60（T4）。结果表明：随着菇渣有机肥用量增加，两种质地土壤 pH 值显著降低，土壤电导率值、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量显著增加。当菇渣有机肥在两种质地土壤中的用量均为T1时，葡萄幼苗总生物量及根冠比最高，较其他各用量分别提升1.04%~112.31%和34.78%~246.15%，与T0、T3和T4用量相比存在显著性差异；当用量为T1~T2时，葡萄叶片中全氮、全磷、全钾含量相对较高。与不施有机肥相比，菇渣有机肥在壤土中的施用并未有效增加葡萄细根总根长和根尖数，同时在T4用量下细根总根长和根尖数分别显著降低了44.81%和39.53%；菇渣有机肥在黏壤土中的施用量为T1和T2时，细根总根长分别显著增加了87.02%和77.20%，根尖数分别显著增加了40.29%和42.36%。葡萄叶片光合作用呈现波动性变化，当两种质地土壤中菇渣有机肥用量为T4时，葡萄叶片净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度及气孔导度最低。适当的菇渣有机肥施用量（10~20 g·kg-1）显著提升土壤养分及主要微生物数量、植株生物量、叶片氮磷钾含量和净光合速率、总根长及根尖数，但过高的菇渣有机肥用量（40~60 g·kg-1）则显著抑制土壤微生物数量和葡萄幼苗生长。研究表明，菇渣有机肥施用量的增加显著提升土壤有机质和速效养分含量，而对土壤主要微生物数量及葡萄幼苗生长的影响表现为先促进后抑制。本试验条件下，菇渣有机肥在壤土中施用量为10 g·kg-1、在黏壤土中施用量为10~20 g·kg-1时对土壤肥力提升及葡萄幼苗生长促进效果最佳。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the application effects of spent mushroom substrates（SMS）compost on the nutrient content and changes in the number of main microorganisms in different textural soils, nutrient distribution patterns in grapevine seedlings, photosynthesis, and root growth. The focal species was the“Shine Muscat”grapevine. Five application amounts of SMS compost （fertilizer weight/soil weight, calculated as dry matter mass）were designated to both loam and clay loam soils：0（T0）, 10（T1）, 20（T2）, 40 g ·kg-1（T3）, and 60 g ·kg-1（T4）. Results revealed that the pH values for both types of soils were significantly reduced with increased amounts of SMS compost applied. Meanwhile, the soil EC value, as well as contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were significantly positively correlated with the amount of SMS compost. When the amount of SMS was T1 in both soils, the total biomass and root to shoot ratio of grapevine seedlings were the highest, which was increased by 1.04% - 112.31% and 34.78% - 246.15%, respectively and were significantly higher than T0, T3, and T4; when the SMS amount was between T1 and T2, the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium in grapevine roots, stems, and leaves were relatively high. Compared with CK, the application of SMS in loam soils did not effectively increase the total fine root length and root tip count, while the total length and tip count of fine roots were significantly reduced by 44.81% and 39.53%, respectively under T4; When the application amounts of SMS in clay loam soils were T1 and T2, the total length of fine roots was significantly increased by 87.02% and 77.20%, respectively, and the count of root tips was significantly increased by 40.29% and 42.36%, respectively. The photosynthetic performance of grapevine leaves was fluctuant, with the lowest net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, and stomatal conductance were found under T4 amount. An appropriate amount of SMS（10-20 g ·kg-1）significantly improved soil fertility and the number of major microorganisms, crop biomass, contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in different organs, leaf photosynthetic rate, total fine root length and root tip count. However, excessive amounts of SMS（40-60 g·kg-1）significantly reduced the number of soil microorganisms and the growth performance of grapevine seedlings. Overall, an increase in the application amount of SMS compost could significantly improve soil organic matter and available nutrient contents; however, the number of main soil microorganisms and grapevine seedling growth showed an up-and-down tendency. Under the conditions of this experiment, the application of SMS compost with a rate of 10 g·kg-1 in loam soils and 10-20 g·kg-1 in clay loam soils have the best effects on improvements in soil fertility and grapevine growth. |
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