| 唐亚莉,段婧婧,藏旭龙,赖宁,李永福,信会男,李娜,吕彩霞,李青军.稳定性氮肥减施对滴灌玉米产量、氮肥利用率及土壤无机氮残留的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(2):420-427. |
| 稳定性氮肥减施对滴灌玉米产量、氮肥利用率及土壤无机氮残留的影响 |
| Effects of stable nitrogen fertilizer reduction on corn yield, nitrogen use efficiency and soil inorganic nitrogen residue under drip irrigation |
| 投稿时间：2024-02-22 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0166 |
| 中文关键词: 稳定性氮肥 玉米 产量 氮肥利用率 土壤无机氮残留 |
| 英文关键词: stable nitrogen fertilizer corn yield nitrogen use efficiency soil inorganic nitrogen residue |
| 基金项目:农业科技创新稳定支持项目（xjnkywdzc-2023002） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨新疆膜下滴灌条件下稳定性氮肥和普通氮肥在玉米种植中的肥效及其利用率的差异，采用田间试验及取样、室内分析与生物统计相结合的方法，在北疆奇台县和南疆于田县两点开展田间试验，试验设置 6 个处理：不施氮肥（N0）；常规施肥（FP）；稳定性氮肥推荐用量（NF），比 FP 减氮 10%；稳定性氮肥减量处理（90%NF），比 FP 减氮 19%；稳定性氮肥减量处理（80%NF），比FP减氮28%；稳定性氮肥减量处理（70%NF），比FP减氮37%。结果显示：NF处理比FP处理显著增加了玉米产量，增产率为7.6%（奇台县）和11.6%（于田县），氮肥利用率提高3.2个（奇台县）和7.5个（于田县）百分点，显著降低了土壤氮残留，并增加了收益。90%NF处理与FP处理产量相当，氮肥利用率提高6.3个（奇台县）和 9.2个（于田县）百分点，显著降低了土壤氮残留，收益增加1 143元·hm-2（于田县）。奇台县80%NF处理显著降低了玉米产量和经济效益，而于田县80%NF处理与FP处理产量相当，但降低了经济效益。70%NF处理在两个地点都显著降低了玉米产量和经济效益。奇台县玉米施用稳定性氮肥时，氮肥减量10%可以增产7.6%，氮肥利用率提高3.2个百分点，净收益增量为1 996元·hm-2，同时减少土壤氮残留；于田县玉米施用稳定性氮肥时，氮肥减量10%~19%可以增产5.8%~11.6%，氮肥利用率提高7.5~9.2个百分点，净收益增量为980~2 378元·hm-2，同时减少土壤氮残留。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the differences of fertilizer efficiency and utilization ratio between stable nitrogen fertilizer and common nitrogen fertilizer on corn under drip irrigation in Xinjiang, and to provide technical support for reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency and high-quality development of corn fertilizer. Field trials were carried out in Qitai County in northern Xinjiang and Yutian County in southern Xinjiang using the combined methods of sampling, laboratory analysis and biostatistics. We set up 6 treatments, i.e., No nitrogen fertilizer（N0）; Conventional fertilization（FP）; Recommended amount of stable nitrogen fertilizer（NF）, reducing nitrogen by 10% compared to FP; Stable nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatment（90%NF）, reducing nitrogen by 19% compared to FP; Stable nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatment（80%NF）, reducing nitrogen by 28% compared to FP; Stable nitrogen fertilizer reduction treatment（70% NF）, reducing nitrogen by 37% compared to FP. NF treatment significantly increased maize yield compared to the FP treatment, with yield increased by 7.6%（Qitai County）and 11.6%（Yutian County）, nitrogen use efficiency was increased by 3.2 percentage points（Qitai County）and 7.5 percentage points（Yutian County）, significantly reduced soil nitrogen residue and increased incomes. The yield of 90%NF treatment was equivalent to that of FP treatment, but the nitrogen use efficiency was increased by 6.3 percentage points（Qitai County）and 9.2 percentage points（Yutian County）, significantly reduced soil nitrogen residue and increased incomes by 1 143 yuan·hm-2 （Yutian County）. In Qitai County, 80%NF treatment significantly reduced corn yield and economic benefits, while in Yutian County, 80%NF treatment had the same yield as the FP treatment, but reduced the economic benefits. 70%NF treatment significantly reduced corn yield and economic benefits at both sites. In Qitai County, applying stable nitrogen fertilizer with reducing conventional nitrogen application by 10% can increase corn yield, increase nitrogen use efficiency, and net incomes by 7.6%, 3.2 percentage points, and 1 996 yuan·hm-2, respectively; and significantly reduce soil nitrogen residue. In Yutian County, applying stable nitrogen fertilizer with reducing conventional nitrogen application by 10%-19% can still increase corn yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and net income increase by 5.8%- 11.6%, 7.5-9.2 percentage points, and 980-2 378 yuan·hm-2, respectively; and reduce soil nitrogen residue at the same time. |
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