不同小龙虾密度对养殖田块温室气体排放的影响

穆红城; 成永旭; 徐旭; 孙梦芹; 李京昊; 李娅; 李嘉尧

文章摘要

穆红城,成永旭,徐旭,孙梦芹,李京昊,李娅,李嘉尧.不同小龙虾密度对养殖田块温室气体排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(1):204-216.

不同小龙虾密度对养殖田块温室气体排放的影响

Effects of stocking density of Procambarus clarkii on greenhouse gas emissions from rice fields

投稿时间：2024-01-08

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0032

中文关键词: 稻前虾克氏原螯虾养殖密度甲烷氧化亚氮温室气体排放强度

英文关键词: crayfish culture before rice planting Procambarus clarkii stocking density methane nitrous oxide greenhouse gas emission intensity

基金项目:上海市科委社会发展科技攻关项目（21DZ1201900）；上海海洋大学科技发展专项基金项目（A2-2006-22-200206）；国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFD0900304）；国家现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目（CARS-48）

作者	单位	E-mail
穆红城	农业农村部稻渔综合种养生态重点实验室/水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心/上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心, 上海海洋大学, 上海 201306
成永旭	农业农村部稻渔综合种养生态重点实验室/水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心/上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心, 上海海洋大学, 上海 201306
徐旭	农业农村部稻渔综合种养生态重点实验室/水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心/上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心, 上海海洋大学, 上海 201306
孙梦芹	农业农村部稻渔综合种养生态重点实验室/水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心/上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心, 上海海洋大学, 上海 201306
李京昊	农业农村部稻渔综合种养生态重点实验室/水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心/上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心, 上海海洋大学, 上海 201306
李娅	农业农村部稻渔综合种养生态重点实验室/水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心/上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心, 上海海洋大学, 上海 201306
李嘉尧	农业农村部稻渔综合种养生态重点实验室/水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心/上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心, 上海海洋大学, 上海 201306	jy-li@shou.edu.cn

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中文摘要:

为探究种稻前小龙虾密度对养殖田块温室气体排放的影响，本试验以淹水稻田为对照（CK），对比了3种小龙虾养殖密度10.8、6.5、2.2 尾·m^-2（D1、D2、D3）下CH₄和N₂O的排放情况。结果表明：各组CH₄和N₂O地表平均排放通量和剖面浓度规律为CK>D1>D2>D3。CK组CH₄和N₂O平均排放通量分别为34.36 mg·m^-2·h^-1和0.19 mg·m^-2·h^-1，D1、D2和D3处理CH₄平均排放通量较CK组分别降低了9.0%、19.0%和27.4%，N₂O平均排放通量较CK组分别降低了13.4%、21.6%和27.2%。CK组全球增温潜势（GWP）为10.14 tCO₂e·hm^-2，显著高于D1、D2和D3组（P<0.05）。Pearson相关分析表明，温室气体排放主要受剖面气体、总氮、地温、土壤总孔隙度的影响，环境因子会受到小龙虾密度的调控，进而影响温室气体排放，最终影响温室气体排放与GWP的关联度。D1、D2和D3组的存活率分别为73.65%、69.26%和67.48%，各组间无显著性差异，虾净产值最高的是D2组为3.15×10⁴ 元·hm^-2，显著高于D1组和D3组（P<0.05）。不同养殖密度组的温室气体排放强度（GHGI）为D2P<0.05）。研究表明，田块淹水情况下引入小龙虾会显著减少温室气体排放，虽然温室气体排放量随小龙虾放养密度增加而升高，但从综合经济和生态效益来看，小龙虾放养密度为6.5 尾·m-2时可获得较好的产量和规格，同时具有较低的GWP和GHGI。

英文摘要:

In order to investigate the effects of crayfish density on greenhouse gas（GHG）emissions from aquaculture fields prior to rice planting, in this study, we compared CH₄ and N₂O emissions under different crayfish stocking densities：10.8, 6.5 ind·m^-2, and 2.2 ind·m^-2 （D1, D2, and D3）, with a flooded rice field serving as the control（CK）. The results showed that the average surface emission fluxes and profile concentrations of CH₄ and N₂O in each group were as follows：CK>D1>D2>D3, and the average emission fluxes of CH₄ and N₂O in the CK group were 34.36 mg·m^-2·h^-1 and 0.19 mg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. The average emission fluxes of CH₄ in D1, D2 and D3 treatments were 9.0%, 19.0% and 27.4% lower than those in CK group, and the average emission fluxes of N₂O were 13.4%, 21.6% and 27.2% lower than those in CK group. The global warming potential（GWP）of CK group was 10.14 tCO₂e·hm^-2, which was significantly higher than that of the D1, D2 and D3 groups（P<0.05）. Pearson correlation analysis showed that GHG emissions were mainly affected by profile gases, total nitrogen, ground temperature, and total soil porosity, and that environmental factors were modulated by crayfish density, which in turn would affect GHG emissions, and ultimately the correlation between GHG emissions and GWP. The survival rates of D1, D2 and D3 were 73.65%, 69.26%, and 67.48%, respectively, with no significant difference between groups. The highest crayfish production value was 3.15× 10⁴ yuan·hm^-2 in D2, which was significantly higher than that in D1 and D3 groups（P<0.05）, while the greenhouse gas emission intensity （GHGI）of different culture density groups was D2P<0.05）. In conclusion, the introduction of crayfish into flooded fields prior to rice planting has been shown to result in a significant reduction in GHG emissions. However, it should be noted that as the crayfish stocking density increases, GHG emissions also increase. From a comprehensive perspective considering economic and ecological benefits, a crayfish stocking density of 6.5 ind·m-2 demonstrates better yields and specifications, while maintaining lower values for GWP and GHGI.

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