| 吴茜虞,雷宝坤,徐卓颖,续勇波,李孙宁.洱海流域有机肥全量替代化肥对稻田温室气体排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(1):172-183. |
| 洱海流域有机肥全量替代化肥对稻田温室气体排放的影响 |
| Effects of organic fertilizer substitution on greenhouse gas emissions in paddy fields in the Erhai watershed |
| 投稿时间：2024-02-13 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0152 |
| 中文关键词: 粪肥 绿肥 温室气体 稻田 |
| 英文关键词: manure green manure greenhouse gas paddy field |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（32160758）；云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目（202005AC160043）；国家自然科学基金项目（31960635）；云南省重大科技计划项目（202102AE090011）；产业技术领军人才专项2019 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在洱海流域全面禁施含氮磷化肥的背景下，为明确绿肥、牛粪、猪粪和鸡粪全量替代化肥对稻田温室气体（N2O、CH4）排放特征及其关键因素的影响，于 2021—2022年在云南省大理市古生村开展水稻田间试验，研究 6个施肥处理[不施肥（CK）、绿肥全量替代化肥（GM）、牛粪全量替代化肥（CD）、猪粪全量替代化肥（PM）、鸡粪全量替代化肥（CM）和单施化肥（CF）]的温室气体（N2O、CH4）排放特征。结果表明：稻田N2O排放主要在施肥后一周内。有机肥全量替代处理减少56.21%~72.39%的稻田N2O排放（P<0.05），但会增加 144.12%~355.76% 的稻田 CH4排放（P<0.05），较 CF 处理显著增加 119.65%~308.15% 的温室气体增温效应和164.97%~318.96%的排放强度。CD处理温室气体增温效应和排放强度均低于其余有机肥处理，但该处理较 CF处理减少了水稻产量。CM处理产量最大，为（10 220.32±954.53）kg·hm-2，温室气体增温效应和排放强度低于GM和PM处理。0~5 cm土壤温度、土壤含水量、土壤无机氮、气温及降雨量是影响温室气体排放通量的关键因子。本研究中，CM处理较优于其他有机肥处理，能在稳产的前提下减少温室气体增温效应和排放强度。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In the aftermath of the ban on the use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in the Erhai watershed, this study investigates the characteristics and key influencing factors of green manure, cow manure, pig manure, and chicken manure on greenhouse gas（N2O, CH4） emissions in rice fields. Rice field experiments were conducted in Gusheng Village, Dali City, Yunnan Province from 2021 to 2022. The greenhouse gas（N2O and CH4）emission characteristics were evaluated for six fertilization treatments：no fertilization（CK）, green manure （Viciavillosa Rothvar）（GM）, cow dung（CD）, pig dung（PM）, chicken manure（CM）, and chemical fertilizer（CF）. The N2O emissions of paddy fields, which mainly occurred within 1 week after fertilization, were reduced by 56.21% - 72.39%（P<0.05）. By contrast, CH4 emissions increased by 144.12% - 355.76%（P<0.05）. Both the greenhouse gas warming effect and emission intensity were found to increase significantly when using CF（119.65%-308.15% and 164.97%-318.96%, respectively）. The greenhouse gas warming effect and greenhouse gas emission intensity of CD treatment was lower than those of the other organic fertilizer treatments. However, treatment with CD reduced the rice yield compared to that achieved using CF. CM achieved the highest yield[（10 220.32 ± 954.53）kg · hm-2], with a warming effect and emission intensity that were lower than GM and PM. Soil temperature（0 - 5 cm）, soil water content, soil inorganic nitrogen, air temperature, and rainfall are known to be key factors affecting greenhouse gas emission fluxes. Herein, total substitution of CM treatment achieved better results than the other organic fertilizer treatments, reducing the warming effect and emission intensity while facilitating stable crop production. |
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