| 王海洋,耿浩越,崔梦茹,王畅,赵宋文,李涵博,刘统帅,李顺义.风速和搅动对猪粪逸散气载微生物的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(1):163-171. |
| 风速和搅动对猪粪逸散气载微生物的影响 |
| Effects of wind speed and agitation on the emission of airborne microorganisms from swine manure |
| 投稿时间：2024-01-12 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0049 |
| 中文关键词: 猪舍 粪源微生物 气载微生物 逸散动力 |
| 英文关键词: swine house microorganisms from swine manure airborne microorganism driving force of emissions |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（32102602）；国家重点研发课题（2024YFC3713704） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 猪舍气载微生物从猪粪逸散的动力可能主要源于风力和猪只活动，为了验证此设想，本试验构建模拟猪舍，用搅动模拟猪只活动，用不同风机控制粪表风速，采用2×2交叉试验设计（其中风速设定的两个水平分别为0 m·s-1和0.50 m·s-1；搅动情况分搅动和无搅动两个水平）研究猪粪逸散气载细菌和真菌情况。试验结果表明：在无搅动情况下，猪粪能够逸散出的气载微生物量最低，且风速对猪粪逸散气载微生物浓度的影响不显著（P>0.05）；搅动和风速是粪源细菌向空气中逸散的主要动力，两者之间存在交互作用（P<0.05），风速对猪粪逸散气载细菌的作用是在搅动的前提下体现的；搅动和有风条件下猪粪逸散出更多较大粒径（>2.1 μm）的气载细菌和真菌，其中粒径范围为2.1~3.3 μm的气载细菌和真菌平均占比最高，分别为22%和33%，且猪粪贮存第144小时之前逸散的气载微生物量相对平稳，尔后快速增加；猪粪细菌与逸散到空气中的细菌种类组成相似，但 β多样性组成不同。研究表明，猪粪逸散气载微生物的先决条件是搅动，而风吹可以促进微生物的逸散。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Manure is one of the important sources of airborne microorganisms in swine ganisms from swine manure to improve air quality in swine houses. The driving force for the escape of airborne microorganisms from manure in swine houses may be mainly due to wind and swine movement. In order to verify this hypothesis, simulated swine houses were constructed, agitation was used to simulate swine activity, and different fans were used to control the wind speed over manure surfaces. A 2×2 factorial design was adopted to study the emission of airborne bacteria and fungi from swine manure, which included two levels of each factor（wind speed：0 m·s-1 and 0.50 m·s-1; agitation situation：agitation and non-agitation）. The experimental results indicated that, without agitation, swine manure had the lowest emission of airborne microorganisms, and the effect of wind speed on the concentration of airborne microorganisms that escaped from swine manure was not significant（P>0.05）. Wind speed and agitation of swine manure were the main driving forces of the bacterial emissions from swine manure, with a significant interaction between these factors. The effect of wind speed on the dispersion of airborne microorganisms from swine manure was demonstrated under the condition of agitation.Under the condition of agitation and wind, swine manure released more airborne microorganisms with large particle sizes（>2.1 μm）, and airborne bacteria and fungi with particle size range of 2.1-3.3 μm were the largest proportions accounting for 22% and 33%, respectively. The amount of airborne microorganisms dispersed from swine manure remained relatively stable before being stored for 144 hours, but increased rapidly thereafter. The bacterial species of swine manure were similar to those dispersed into the air, but the β diversity differed. The main conclusion of this study is that agitation is a prerequisite for the escape of airborne microorganisms in swine manure, and that wind can promote the escape of microorganisms. |
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