| 张梓涵,张旭琳,娄飏,尹高飞,冯培培,汪昊,李文超.作物结构对大理古生片区农田集水区氮磷输出的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(1):140-152. |
| 作物结构对大理古生片区农田集水区氮磷输出的影响 |
| Effects of crop structure on nitrogen and phosphorus output in farmland catchment area of Paleozoic area of Dali |
| 投稿时间：2024-07-09 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0586 |
| 中文关键词: 农田集水区 氮磷输出 种植结构 洱海流域 |
| 英文关键词: agricultural catchment area nitrogen and phosphorus export cropping structure Erhai basin |
| 基金项目:云南省重大科技专项（202202AE090034）;国家自然科学基金项目（42107410，42477441）;云南省新型研发机构培育对象洱海流域农业绿色发展研究院项目（202304BQ040005）;云南省张福锁院士工作站项目（202305AF150055） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 张梓涵 | 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室, 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室, 河北保定 071000 | | | 张旭琳 | 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室, 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室, 河北保定 071000 | | | 娄飏 | 云南农业大学, 昆明 650500 | | | 尹高飞 | 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室, 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室, 河北保定 071000 | | | 冯培培 | 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室, 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室, 河北保定 071000 | | | 汪昊 | 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室, 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室, 河北保定 071000 | | | 李文超 | 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室, 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室, 河北保定 071000 | dachao279@126.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为掌握作物结构与区域农田氮磷输出的关系，本研究以具有不同作物结构特征的农田集水区（洱海流域古生片区）为研究对象，农田集水区根据作物结构特征分为上游以籽粒玉米种植为主区（SYX片区）、中游以鲜食玉米和蔬菜种植为主区（DLL片区）、下游以水稻种植为主区（SFQ片区）。通过分区定位加密监测，分析不同作物结构分区内沟渠氮磷动态变化特征，研究作物结构对农田集水区氮磷输出的影响。结果表明：空间上，不同作物结构分区沟渠中总氮浓度呈现鲜食玉米和蔬菜种植区（21.11 mg·L-1）最大，水稻种植区（17.43 mg·L-1）次之，籽粒玉米为主种植区（13.88 mg·L-1）最低；总磷平均浓度自上游到下游不断增加，下游（0.59 mg·L-1）、中游（0.58 mg·L-1）均明显高于上游（0.41 mg·L-1）。时间上，总氮输出呈现8月（20.42 mg·L-1）>6月（15.54 mg·L-1）>7月（12.79 mg·L-1），总磷输出呈现8月（0.66 mg·L-1）>7月（0.62 mg·L-1）>6月（0.30 mg·L-1）。就不同作物结构分区而言，中上游总氮输出集中在8月，下游总氮输出则多集中在6月；上游总磷输出集中在7月，中下游则多集中在8月。不同作物结构分区氮磷时空输出变化均存在差异。鲜食玉米和蔬菜组成的作物结构对总氮、硝态氮的输出影响最大，种植水稻对氨态氮、总磷以及溶解性磷的输出影响较明显。研究表明，可根据研究区空间地形差异、作物结构以及农业沟渠特征采取适宜的氮、磷流失防控策略。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Aiming at the problem of agricultural surface pollution in the watershed caused by excessive nitrogen and phosphorus inputs from the plantation industry, the study selected the agricultural catchment area（Gusheng Area）of the Erhai Basin as the object of the study, and monitored the dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the ditches of the agricultural catchment area by encrypting the positioning, in which the agricultural catchment area was set up according to the crop structure in the upper reaches of the SYX area （planting seed maize and vegetables）, in the mid-reach of the DLL area（planting fresh maize and vegetables）, and in the lower reaches of the SFQ（planting rice）, to analyse the effect of crop structure on nitrogen and phosphorus output. The results showed that spatially, the mean concentration of total nitrogen in ditch runoff showed the largest in the fresh corn and vegetable growing area（21.11 mg·L-1）, the second in the rice growing area（17.43 mg·L-1）, and the lowest in the seed corn and vegetable growing area（13.88 mg·L-1）. The average concentration of total phosphorus increased from upstream to downstream, and downstream（0.59 mg·L-1）, midstream（0.58 mg·L-1）was significantly higher than that of upstream（0.41 mg·L-1）. Temporally, total nitrogen output showed August（20.42 mg·L-1）> June（15.54 mg·L-1）>July（12.79 mg·L-1）and total phosphorus output showed August（0.66 mg·L-1）> July（0.62 mg·L-1）> June（0.30 mg·L-1）. For different crop structure zones, the total nitrogen output in the middle and upper reaches was concentrated in August, while the total nitrogen output in the lower reaches was mostly concentrated in June; the total phosphorus output in the upper reaches was concentrated in July, while that in the middle and lower reaches was mostly concentrated in August. The temporal and spatial changes of nitrogen and phosphorus outputs varied in different crop structure sub-regions. The crop structure consisting of fresh maize and vegetables had the greatest influence on the output of total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, while the cultivation of rice had a more obvious influence on the output of ammoniacal nitrogen, total phosphorus and dissolved phosphorus. There are obvious differences in the loss characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the runoff from ditches in the agricultural catchment area, and appropriate prevention and control strategies for nitrogen and phosphorus loss can be adopted according to the spatial topographical differences, crop structure and characteristics of agricultural ditches in the study area, and controlling the runoff and reducing soil erosion are of great significance in improving the efficiency of prevention and control of nitrogen and phosphorus entering the lake. |
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