| 李婷,葛安辉,孙志梅,刘四义,张丽梅,韩雪梅.山药不同施肥管理下土壤碳氮养分和微生物群落分异特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2025,44(1):73-84. |
| 山药不同施肥管理下土壤碳氮养分和微生物群落分异特征 |
| Differential characteristics of soil carbon and nitrogen nutrients and microbial community in yam fields under different fertilization practices |
| 投稿时间：2024-03-15 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0231 |
| 中文关键词: 山药施肥 腐植酸 硝态氮深层累积 微生物群落 共现网络 |
| 英文关键词: yam fertilization humic acid nitrate accumulation in deep soil microbial community co-occurrence network |
| 基金项目:河北省重点研发计划项目（20326909D）；山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2023MC159） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本研究以种植大田作物（玉米）的农田作为参照，研究了山药主产区常规施肥、优化施肥和腐植酸处理3种施肥方式下，土壤表层（0~20 cm）、亚表层（20~40 cm）和深层（40~60 cm）的理化性质和微生物群落变化特征。结果表明：与玉米地相比，山药常规施肥显著增加了亚表层和深层土壤铵态氮含量（分别为表层的 2.09 倍和 3.03 倍），亚表层土壤出现了较高的硝态氮累积（50.86mg·kg-1，以干土计）；与山药常规施肥处理相比，优化施肥或腐植酸施用有效降低了亚表层和深层土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量，最高可分别减少79.55%和78.39%。与玉米地相比，常规施肥方式下山药种植显著改变了细菌和真菌群落结构（P<0.05），并降低了土壤微生物网络复杂度和稳定性，而优化施肥和腐植酸处理对细菌群落组成没有显著影响。与山药常规施肥相比，山药优化施肥和腐植酸处理土壤有较高的微生物网络复杂度和稳定性，并显著富集了芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、节杆菌属（Arthrobacter）、白僵菌属（Beauveria）和球囊霉属（Glomus）等有益菌群。研究表明，山药种植增加了无机氮向地下水迁移的风险，并对土壤微生物群落组成产生显著影响，通过合理优化施肥，可有效降低无机氮在深层土壤的累积，提高土壤微生物群落稳定性，有利于山药种植业的绿色高效发展。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, the physiochemical characteristics and microbial community were investigated at several soil depths（surface, 0-20 cm; subsurface, 20-40 cm; and deep layer, 40-60 cm）of yam fields under three fertilization practices（conventional fertilization, optimal fertilization, and humic acid application）, with a maize field as a reference. The results showed that：in comparison to the maize field, the yam field under conventional fertilization had significantly higher ammonium nitrogen content in the subsurface and deep layers of the soil （2.09 times and 3.03 times those in surface soil, respectively）and nitrate nitrogen content in subsurface soil（up to 50.86 mg · kg-1, calculated by dry soil）. However, optimal fertilization or humic acid treatment significantly decreased the ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents in the subsurface and deep layers by up to 79.55% for ammonium and 78.39% for nitrate. Compared with the maize field, yam planting under conventional fertilization significantly changed the bacterial and fungal community structure and decreased the complexity of the microbial cooccurrence network, while optimal fertilization and humic acid treatment showed no significant effect on the bacterial community. Among the three fertilization treatments in the yam field, the treatments of optimized fertilization and humic acid application possessed higher microbial network complexity and stability and significantly enriched beneficial bacteria groups such as Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Beauveria, and Glomus than under conventional fertilization treatment. These results suggest that yam plantation increases the risk of inorganic nitrogen migration into groundwater and has a significant impact on the soil microbial community composition. Optimizing fertilization and management practices for yam plantation can effectively reduce the accumulation of inorganic nitrogen in deep soils and maintain soil microbial community stability, and thus benefit the green and efficient development of the yam planting industry. |
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