| 颜明娟,陈玉真,林诚,吴一群,郑向丽,王峰.连续配施有机肥对茶园土壤细菌群落结构及功能类群的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(12):2959-2973. |
| 连续配施有机肥对茶园土壤细菌群落结构及功能类群的影响 |
| Effects of continuous chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure on soil bacterial community structure and functional groups in tea gardens |
| 投稿时间：2023-12-13 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-1067 |
| 中文关键词: 茶园土壤 有机肥配施化肥 细菌多样性 细菌群落结构 细菌功能类群 |
| 英文关键词: tea garden soil organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer bacterial diversity soil bacterial community structure bacterial functional group |
| 基金项目:福建省科技厅公益类科研专项（2021R1025004，2021R1029002）；福建省自然科学基金项目（2021J01489）；福建省农业科学院科技创新团队项目（CXTD2021006-1）；农业科技创新联盟专项（CXLM202202） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为评估有机肥配施化肥对茶园土壤细菌群落的影响，于田间试验条件下选取了连续6年不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（CF）、单施化肥+清园处理（CFC）、有机肥配施化肥（OF）和有机肥配施化肥+种植绿肥（OFM）5个处理，采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术，分析了不同施肥措施对酸性茶园土壤细菌群落多样性、群落结构、功能类群及共现性网络结构的影响。结果表明：与CK处理相比，CF处理降低了土壤pH，但显著增加了土壤碱解氮和全磷含量，而OF和OFM处理在提高土壤pH的同时增加了土壤速效养分和有机质含量。CF和CFC处理降低土壤细菌群落Alpha多样性指数，OFM处理显著增加了土壤细菌Sobs、Ace、Chao1和Shannon指数（P<0.05）。非度量多维尺度分析（NMDS分析）及相似性分析结果显示，不同施肥措施显著改变了茶园土壤细菌群落结构（R2=0.442 1，P=0.001），OF处理富集了有益于土壤碳氮循环和抑制病原菌的物种。FAPROTAX细菌功能预测表明，茶园土壤细菌生态功能类群以化能异养、有氧化能异养、固氮作用、纤维素分解和硝酸盐还原作用功能类群为主，OF处理提高了捕食性或外寄生作用、光异养作用、光养作用、光合自养硫氧化、光能自养功能及氮循环功能细菌种群丰度。施肥措施均增加了细菌共现性网络边数、平均连通度和平均路径长度，细菌网络的规模增大，细菌群落间互相作用更复杂。细菌网络均以正相关为主（比例为58.03%~77.78%），施肥后物种间竞争作用进一步加强。施肥处理下细菌分子网络平均路径距离较长，平均聚类系数降低、细菌群落作用的响应速度变慢、群落结构稳定性提高，其中有机肥配施化肥处理细菌群落结构稳定性要优于CF处理。冗余分析和Mantel test分析结果表明，速效磷和pH是影响土壤细菌群落丰度和多样性的主要影响因子。总体而言，有机肥配施化肥改变了茶园土壤细菌群落结构，促进了土壤细菌碳氮循环功能，提高了细菌网络规模和群落互作，有机肥替代使细菌群落网络结构更加稳定，有利于构建一个健康稳定的土壤细菌群落。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To evaluate the effects of combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers on the structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities, we conducted a six-year field plot experiment on a tea garden in acid red soils in the subtropical zones of hilly areas of eastern Fujian. The five treatments included no fertilizer（CK）, 100% chemical fertilizers（CF）, 100% chemical fertilizer+clean-cultivated （CFC）, organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer（OF）, and organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer + green manure （OFM）. The effects of different fertilization practices on bacterial community diversity, community structure, functional groups, and cooccurrence network structure in acid tea garden soils were analyzed with Illumina Novaseq PE 300 high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that：compared with CK treatment, CF treatment decreased soil pH, but significantly increased soil alkaline nitrogen and total phosphorus. Compared with CK treatment, OF and OFM treatments increased available nutrients and soil organic matter content while increasing soil pH. Compared with CK treatment, CF and CFC treatments decreased the alpha diversity index of the soil bacterial community, while Sobs, Ace, Chao1, and Shannon indices（P<0.05）. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling and analysis of similarities analysis both showed a significant difference in soil bacterial community structure between the soils under different fertilization measures（R2=0.442 1, P=0.001）, such that OF treatment enriched species that were beneficial to soil carbon and nitrogen cycling and inhibited pathogens. FAPROTAX function prediction showed that the chemoheterotrophy, aerobic chemoheterotrophy, nitrogen fixation, cellulolysis, and nitrate reduction was mainly an ecological function of tea garden soil bacteria. Compared with CK treatment, the abundance of functional groups of predatory or exoparasitic, photoheterotrophy, phototrophy, anoxygenic photoautotrophy S oxidizing, anoxygenic photoautotrophy, and nitrogen-cycling functional genes were improved in OF treatment. The treatments of fertilization increased the numbers of network edges, average connective degree, and average number of neighbors in the soil bacterial co-occurrence networks, indicating that the soil bacterial co-occurrence network was complex under all fertilizing treatments. The bacterial cooccurrence networks were dominated by positive interactions（58.03%-77.78%）, and the competition between species was strengthened after the implementation of the different fertilization measures. The fertilization measures increased the average path length and reduced the average clustering coefficient. This means that the response rate of bacterial action was slowed and the stability of the community structure was improved. Additionally, the stability of bacterial community structure treated by organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer was better than that treated by chemical fertilizer alone. The results of the redundancy analysis and Mantel test showed that available phosphorus and pH were the main factors affecting the abundance and diversity of the soil bacterial community. In conclusion, organic manure combined with chemical fertilizer changes the community structure and the functional groups of soil bacteria, promotes soil bacteria carbon and nitrogen cycle metabolism, enriches beneficial bacteria, and increases the bacterial co-occurrence network scale, interaction, and stability, and thus is beneficial for building a healthy and stable bacterial community. |
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