喀斯特湿地、稻田和稻田撂荒地的N<sub>2</sub>O排放及其与硝化和反硝化细菌群落的相关性

陈伟坚; 靳振江; 许丹丹; 李强

文章摘要

陈伟坚,靳振江,许丹丹,李强.喀斯特湿地、稻田和稻田撂荒地的N₂O排放及其与硝化和反硝化细菌群落的相关性[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(10):2424-2433.

喀斯特湿地、稻田和稻田撂荒地的N₂O排放及其与硝化和反硝化细菌群落的相关性

N₂O emissions of karst wetlands, rice fields, and abandoned rice fields and their correlation with communities of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria

投稿时间：2023-12-14

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-1071

中文关键词: 喀斯特湿地稻田 N₂O 硝化反硝化群落结构

英文关键词: karst wetland paddy field N₂O nitrifying denitrifying community structure

基金项目:广西科技计划项目(桂科AB21196050,桂科AB20297039);国家自然科学基金项目(42367017)

作者	单位	E-mail
陈伟坚	桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 广西桂林 541004
靳振江	桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 广西桂林 541004 桂林理工大学岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心, 广西桂林 541004 桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室, 广西桂林 541004
许丹丹	桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 广西桂林 541004 桂林理工大学岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心, 广西桂林 541004 桂林理工大学广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室, 广西桂林 541004
李强	中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 广西桂林 541004	glqiangli@163.com

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中文摘要:

为研究土地利用对喀斯特湿地硝化细菌和反硝化细菌与氧化亚氮（N₂O）排放的影响，以会仙喀斯特湿地中的天然湿地、稻田和稻田撂荒地为研究样地，用高通量测序法、实时PCR法与静态暗箱结合气相色谱法分别测定硝化细菌和反硝化细菌群落相对丰度、绝对丰度与N₂O排放速率和总量。结果表明：在水稻的全生育期中，N₂O排放速率在天然湿地中总体上高于稻田和稻田撂荒地，三者的N₂O排放总量分别为1.07、0.38、0.20 kg·hm^-2。在水稻成熟期，稻田硝化细菌的绝对丰度显著高于天然湿地和稻田撂荒地，而硝化细菌和反硝化细菌的绝对丰度在后二者之间均没有显著差异。相对丰度最高的硝化细菌为Nitrosospira，其在稻田撂荒地（83.28%）和稻田（82.75%）中的相对丰度显著高于其在天然湿地（68.52%）中的相对丰度；相对丰度最高的反硝化细菌为Pseudogulbenkiania，其相对丰度在稻田撂荒地最高（29.49%），稻田次之（21.24%），天然湿地最低（16.26%）。研究表明，长期种植水稻降低了喀斯特湿地的N₂O排放量，改变了水稻成熟期硝化细菌和反硝化细菌的多样性。因此，单就降低N₂O排放而言，把稻田保留在喀斯特湿地中具有合理性。

英文摘要:

In order to study the effect of land use on nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission in karst wetlands, natural wetlands, rice paddies and rice paddies abandoned land in Huixian karst wetlands were used as research site, and the relative abundance and absolute abundance of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria communities, as well as the N₂O emission rate and flux were determined by high-throughput sequencing, real-time PCR and static dark box combined with gas chromatography. The results showed that the overall in situ N₂O emission rates in NWs were significantly higher than those in PF and in APF during the growth period of rice. The N₂O flux in NW, PF, and APF were 1.07, 0.38, 0.20 kg·hm^-2, respectively. During the mature stage, the absolute abundance of nitrifying bacteria in PF was significantly higher than in NW and in APF, whereas there was no significant difference in the absolute abundance of both nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria between NW and APF. The relative abundance of Nitrosospira, the most abundant nitrifying bacteria, was significantly higher in APF（83.28%）and PF（82.75%）than in NW（68.52%）. The relative abundance of Pseudogulbenkiania, the most abundant denitrifying bacteria, was highest in APF（29.49%）, followed by PF（21.24%）, and lowest in NW（16.26%）. The above research results indicate that long-term rice planting in karst wetlands reduces N₂O emissions during the rice-growing season and changes the diversities of nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial populations during the mature stage. Therefore, in terms of N₂O emissions alone, it is reasonable to maintain rice cultivation in karst wetland systems.

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