微生物菌肥对瘠薄稻田土壤养分及水稻生长的影响

许立阳; 王亚男; 曾希柏; 文炯; 晏云华; 郑重; 阿合古丽·努尔布拉提

文章摘要

许立阳,王亚男,曾希柏,文炯,晏云华,郑重,阿合古丽·努尔布拉提.微生物菌肥对瘠薄稻田土壤养分及水稻生长的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(10):2350-2362.

微生物菌肥对瘠薄稻田土壤养分及水稻生长的影响

Microbial fertilizer effects on soil nutrients and rice growth in barren paddy fields

投稿时间：2024-01-10

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0043

中文关键词: 稻田固氮菌解磷菌土壤养分酶活性

英文关键词: rice field nitrogen fixing bacteria phosphorus solubilizing bacteria soil nutrient enzyme activity

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD190120303);国家自然科学基金项目(41877061);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-IEDA)

作者	单位	E-mail
许立阳	中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081 国家农业环境岳阳观测实验站, 湖南岳阳 414000
王亚男	中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081 国家农业环境岳阳观测实验站, 湖南岳阳 414000	wangyanan@caas.cn
曾希柏	中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081 国家农业环境岳阳观测实验站, 湖南岳阳 414000
文炯	国家农业环境岳阳观测实验站, 湖南岳阳 414000 岳阳市农业科学研究院, 湖南岳阳 414000
晏云华	国家农业环境岳阳观测实验站, 湖南岳阳 414000 岳阳市农业科学研究院, 湖南岳阳 414000
郑重	中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081 国家农业环境岳阳观测实验站, 湖南岳阳 414000
阿合古丽·努尔布拉提	中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081 国家农业环境岳阳观测实验站, 湖南岳阳 414000

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中文摘要:

为探究施用不同微生物菌肥对长江中下游瘠薄稻田土壤养分和水稻生长的影响，通过盆栽试验，设置褐球固氮菌（Azotobacter chroococcum）+胶冻样类芽孢杆菌（Bacillus mucilaginosus）（CM）、褐球固氮菌+枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）+解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）（ABP）和枯草芽孢杆菌+解淀粉芽孢杆菌（SAT）3种不同微生物组合，并设微生物菌肥推荐用量和1.2倍用量处理，再将其分别与化肥常规用量、减氮15%和减氮磷15%搭配施用，研究不同施肥处理对土壤基本理化性质、土壤酶活性和水稻生长的影响。结果表明：添加微生物菌肥可以有效降低土壤pH值，提高全氮含量，土壤碱解氮、有效磷、铵态氮含量随生长时期延长总体呈现降低趋势，硝态氮反之。菌种组合与其用量对土壤速效养分影响显著，其中ABP组合可提高全生育期土壤碱解氮、有效磷和铵态氮含量，常规化肥用量下，1.2倍微生物菌肥用量处理（1.2ABP+NPK）土壤养分含量低于推荐用量处理（ABP+NPK），当化肥用量减少后土壤养分含量也降低，CM组合各处理在灌浆期和收获期对碱解氮和有效磷的提升效果较小，SAT组合未表现出显著的解磷优势。添加ABP使土壤酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别提高了26.79%~46.27%和7.85%~15.81%，效果优于CM和SAT组合。SAT在一定程度上可以促进茎叶生长，但对根系的促生作用和增产效果不佳，添加CM的水稻株高和根干质量较单施化肥处理（NPK）无显著变化，而ABP组合在促进根系伸长和植株生长、提高产量方面有明显优势，其中ABP+NPK处理水稻产量是对照处理的1.25倍。研究表明，针对瘠薄稻田土壤，施用固氮解磷微生物菌肥可以显著提高土壤氮磷养分有效性，改善土壤酶活性，促进水稻生长和产量提升。

英文摘要:

In order to investigate the effects of applying different microbial fertilizers on soil nutrients and rice growth in barren paddy soil in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, three different microbial combinations of Azotobacter chroococcum + Bacillus mucilaginosus（CM）, Azotobacter chroococcum + Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens（ABP） and Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens（SAT）were set up in pot experiment. And at the same time, the recommended dosage of microbial fertilizer and 1.2 times the recommended dosage of microbial fertilizers were set up, and then applied them together with the conventional dosage of chemical fertilizers, 15% nitrogen reduction and 15% nitrogen and phosphorus reduction to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the basic physicochemical properties of the soil, the activity of soil enzymes and the growth of rice. The results showed that the addition of microbial fertilizer could effectively reduce soil pH and increase soil total nitrogen content. Soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen content showed a decreasing trend with the extension of the growth period, and vice versa for nitrate nitrogen. The combination and dosage of microbial fertilizer had a significant effect on soil available nutrients, in which ABP combination could improve available nitrogen, available phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen content of the soil during the whole growing period. The soil nutrient content of conventional fertilizer dosage and 1.2 times microbial fertilizer dosage treatment（1.2ABP + NPK）was lower than that of the recommended dosage treatment（ABP+NPK）, and the soil nutrient content was also decreased when chemical fertilizer dosage was reduced. All treatments with CM treatments had little effect on increasing available nitrogen and available phosphorus at the filling and harvest stages, while SAT treatments did not show obvious advantage in solubilizing phosphorus. Application of ABP increased soil acid phosphatase and catalase activities by 26.79% - 46.27% and 7.85% - 15.81%, respectively, which was better than that of CM and SAT combinations. SAT could promote stem and leaf growth to a certain extent but was not effective in promoting root growth and increasing yields, and there was no significant change in plant height and dry weight of roots with the addition of CM compared with treatment of chemical fertilizer alone（NPK）, whereas the ABP combination had a significant advantage in promoting root elongation and plant growth and increasing production, in which the rice yield of ABP+NPK treatment was 1.25 times higher than that of the control treatment. This study shows that the application of nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-solubilizing microbial fertilizers can significantly increase the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient effectiveness of the soil, improve the enzyme activity of the soil, and promote the growth and enhance the yield of rice in barren paddy soil.

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