| 张慧芋,田园,张晶,赵文欣,张定一.优化施肥促进华北麦玉轮作系统土壤有机碳积累[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(10):2339-2349. |
| 优化施肥促进华北麦玉轮作系统土壤有机碳积累 |
| Optimized fertilization promoted soil organic carbon accumulation in wheat-maize rotation system in north China |
| 投稿时间：2024-04-10 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0304 |
| 中文关键词: 秸秆还田 优化施肥 小麦-玉米轮作 土壤有机碳含量 土壤有机碳矿化 |
| 英文关键词: straw returning optimized fertilization wheat-maize rotation soil organic carbon concentration soil organic carbon mineralization |
| 基金项目:山西省基础研究计划项目(202203021212424);山西省博士研究生来晋工作奖励经费科研项目(SXBYKY2022110);山西农业大学“引进人才科研启动工程”项目(2023BQ39);国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-53) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为揭示不同施肥方式对华北小麦-玉米轮作种植系统土壤有机碳库的影响，本研究将“小麦-玉米”作为一个施肥单元，于2014年10月开展田间定位试验，采用二因素裂区设计，以冬小麦-夏玉米两季作物磷钾肥分配比（A）为主区，设磷钾肥全部施入小麦季（A1）和小麦季∶玉米季为2∶1（A2）两个水平，以两季作物总施氮量（B）为裂区，设施纯氮450 kg·hm-2 （B1）和600 kg·hm-2（B2）两个水平，同时以两季作物全生育期不施肥为对照，共5个处理，于2022年10月玉米收获后采集0~20 cm土壤样品，分析研究8 a后不同施肥方式对该种植系统土壤有机碳库的影响。结果表明：除A1B2处理下土壤总有机碳（SOC）和微生物量碳（MBC）含量与CK处理差异不显著外，4种施肥处理下SOC、颗粒态有机碳（POC）、活性有机碳（LOC）、可溶性有机碳（DOC）、MBC含量和SOC储量均显著高于CK，增幅分别达8%~55%、75%~237%、98%~214%、42%~66%、21%~50%和3%~29%。4种施肥处理中A2B1处理下SOC及其活性组分含量和SOC储量均显著高于A1B1和A1B2，而与A2B2处理在LOC、DOC、MBC含量和SOC储量间差异不显著。同时，A2B1处理下土壤碳库管理指数（CPMI）最高。对于SOC矿化指标而言，SOC累积矿化量（Cm）、潜在可矿化碳（Cp）和SOC矿化效率（Cp/SOC）均表现为A1B1>A1B2>CK>A2B1>A2B2，且除A2B1和A2B2处理间Cp/SOC差异不显著，Cm和Cp在各处理间差异均显著。相关分析研究表明，β-1，4纤维二糖苷酶活性以及土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾均为提高SOC及其活性组分含量以及CPMI的关键因子，而碳累积输入量可通过增加SOC含量降低Cp/SOC。综上，本试验条件下，磷钾肥在小麦季和玉米季2∶1的分配比，配合两季作物450 kg·hm-2的总施氮量，可增加麦玉轮作系统SOC及其活性组分含量，提升土壤养分有效性，降低SOC矿化分解，同时，该施肥方式下较高的碳累积输入量可增加SOC含量，降低Cp/SOC，最终实现SOC储量增加。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the effects of different fertilization methods on the soil organic carbon pool in wheat-maize system of north China, "wheat-maize" was taken as an integrated fertilization unit, and located experiments in field were carried out in October 2014 with two-factor split plot design in this study. Taking the phosphorus（P）and potassium（K）fertilizer distribution ratio（A）between wheat and maize （A1：all applied in wheat season; A2：wheat season∶maize season=2∶1）as the main plots, and the total nitrogen（N）application amount （B）（B1：450 kg·hm-2; B2：600 kg·hm-2）as the subplots, as well as no fertilization between wheat and maize season as the control（CK）, the effects of different fertilization methods on soil organic carbon pool under the condition of total straw return after 8 years in October 2022 were assessed. The results showed that：the concentration of soil organic carbon（SOC）, particulate organic carbon（POC）, labile organic carbon （LOC）, dissolved organic carbon （DOC） and microbial biomass carbon （MBC）, as well as SOC stock under four fertilization treatments were significantly higher than those under CK by 8%-55%, 75%-237%, 98%-214%, 42%-66%, 21%-50% and 3% -29%, respectively, except that the SOC and MBC under A1B2 were no significant difference from CK. Among four fertilization treatments, SOC and its active components concentration and SOC stock under A2B1 were significantly higher than those under A1B1 and A1B2, while LOC, DOC, MBC concentration and SOC stock were not significantly different between A2B1 and A2B2. Meanwhile, soil carbon pool management index（CPMI） under A2B1 was significantly highest. For SOC mineralization indicators, SOC cumulative mineralization（Cm）, potentially mineralizable carbon（Cp）and SOC mineralizability（Cp/SOC）were shown as：A1B1>A1B2>CK>A2B1> A2B2, where there was no significant between A2B1 and A2B2 for Cp/SOC, while the difference of Cm and Cp among all treatments was significant. Correlation analysis showed that the activity of β-1, 4 cellulosidase, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorusjia and available potassium were all the key factors to increase the concentration of SOC and its active components as well as CPMI, and cumulative carbon input could decrease Cp/SOC by increasing SOC concentration. In summary, under the conditions of this experiment, the distribution ratio of 2∶1 between wheat and maize seasons for P and K fertilizer, combined with the application rate of 450 kg · hm-2 N fertilizer, improved the SOC and its active component concentration, increased soil nutrient availability, reduced SOC mineralization, meanwhile, the higher cumulative carbon input declined Cp/SOC by increasing SOC concentration thereby improved SOC stock, which is conducive to maintaining the sustainable productivity of the wheat-maize rotation planting system. |
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