| 崔仕方,刘娇,罗廷丽,黄晓霞.外源硅对铅镉胁迫下烟草生长的缓解效应[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(10):2269-2278. |
| 外源硅对铅镉胁迫下烟草生长的缓解效应 |
| Alleviation effect of exogenous silicon on tobacco growth under lead and cadmium stress |
| 投稿时间：2024-04-15 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0316 |
| 中文关键词: 烟草 外源硅肥 铅镉胁迫 烟草生长 铅富集转移 镉富集转移 |
| 英文关键词: tobacco exogenous silicon fertilizer lead and cadmium stress tobacco growth lead enrichment and transfer cadmium enrichment and transfer |
| 基金项目:中国烟草总公司广西壮族自治区公司科技计划项目(202345000024075);云南省高层次人才“青年拔尖人才”项目(YNWR-QNBJ-2020-222) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究添加外源硅肥对铅镉胁迫下烟草生长及铅镉在烟株各器官的富集转移特性的影响，同时为硅肥缓解烟草铅镉胁迫提供理论依据，本研究以烟草品种K326为材料进行盆栽试验，设置2个不同铅镉处理组和4个不同的硅肥处理组，处理90 d后对烟株的各生长指标，叶片渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性及各器官铅镉富集转移特性进行测定分析。结果显示，外施硅肥均能提高铅镉胁迫下烟株的株高、叶片数、叶长、叶宽、总叶面积和干物质累积，显著降低铅镉胁迫下烟叶中丙二醛（MDA）含量，提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性，增加脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白及可溶性糖的含量。其中施用外源有机硅肥2的效果最好，烟株的株高、总叶面积和总生物量分别增加了72.59%、59.36%和44.34%，SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性分别显著升高了20.3%、112.95%、149.81%和125.88%，脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量分别增加了245.26%、112.51%、214.29%。铅镉胁迫下，铅主要富集在烟株的根部，镉主要富集在烟叶，施用外源硅肥可以降低烟株各部位铅镉含量和富集转移系数。其中添加外源有机硅肥2的烟株根部铅含量和铅富集系数分别降低了54.57%和54.62%，铅转移系数降低了7.78%；烟株叶片镉含量和镉富集系数分别降低了43.57%和13.58%，镉转移系数降低了19.77%。因此，外源硅肥能促进烟草的生长，减少烟株对铅和镉的吸收富集和转移，减轻铅镉胁迫对烟草的毒害，提高烟草对重金属的耐受性；其中有机硅肥作用效果优于无机硅肥，且以有效硅含量更高的外源有机硅肥2效果最佳。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the effects of adding exogenous silicon fertilizer on the growth of tobacco under lead and cadmium stress and the enrichment and transfer characteristics of lead and cadmium in various organs of tobacco plants, and to provide a theoretical basis for silicon fertilizer to alleviate lead and cadmium stress in tobacco, in this study, a pot experiment was carried out with tobacco variety K326 as the material. The lead and cadmium stress group and the control group were set up, and three different exogenous silicon fertilizers were applied respectively. After 90 days of treatment, the growth indexes of tobacco plants, the content of osmotic adjustment substances in leaves, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the enrichment and transfer characteristics of lead and cadmium in various organs were measured and analyzed. Results showed that application of silicon fertilizer could increase the plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, total leaf area and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants under lead and cadmium stress, significantly reduce the MDA content in tobacco leaves under lead and cadmium stress, increase the activity of SOD, POD, APX and CAT enzymes, and increase the content of proline, soluble protein and soluble sugar. Among them, the effect of applying exogenous organic silicon fertilizer 2 was the best. The plant height, total leaf area and total biomass of tobacco plants increased by 72.59%, 59.36% and 44.34%, respectively. The activities of SOD, POD, CAT and APX increased by 20.3%, 112.95%, 149.81% and 125.88%, respectively. The contents of proline, soluble protein and soluble sugar increased by 245.26%, 112.51% and 214.29%, respectively. Under the stress of lead and cadmium, lead was mainly enriched in the roots of tobacco plants, and cadmium was mainly enriched in tobacco leaves. The application of exogenous silicon fertilizer could reduce the content of lead and cadmium in various parts of tobacco plants and the enrichment and transfer coefficient. The lead content and lead enrichment coefficient in the roots of tobacco plants with exogenous organic silicon fertilizer 2 decreased by 54.57% and 54.62%, respectively, and the lead transfer coefficient decreased by 7.78%. The cadmium content and cadmium enrichment coefficient of tobacco leaves decreased by 43.57% and 13.58%, respectively, and the cadmium transfer coefficient decreased by 19.77%. Therefore, exogenous silicon fertilizer can promote the growth of tobacco, reduce the absorption, accumulation and transfer of lead and cadmium in tobacco plants, reduce the toxicity of lead and cadmium stress on tobacco, and improve the tolerance of tobacco to heavy metals; among them, the effect of organic silicon fertilizer is better than that of inorganic silicon fertilizer, and the effect of exogenous organic silicon fertilizer 2 with higher effective silicon content is the best. |
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