| 黄宇晴,任孝俭,张青爽,周继永,熊栋梁,崔克辉.不同施氮量和剪穗处理下水稻源库特征对稻田CH4排放的协同影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(9):2166-2173. |
| 不同施氮量和剪穗处理下水稻源库特征对稻田CH4排放的协同影响 |
| Synergistic effects of source-sink characteristics on CH4 emissions from paddy fields under different nitrogen application rates and panicle removal treatments |
| 投稿时间：2023-12-08 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-1049 |
| 中文关键词: 稻田 CH4排放 施氮量 剪穗 源库特征 根系分泌物 |
| 英文关键词: paddy field CH4 emission nitrogen application rate panicle removal source-sink characteristic root exudate |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(32172105);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300600) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为阐明水稻植株源、库特征与稻田CH4排放间的关系，在大田条件下设置0N（不施氮）、150N（S0）（施氮量150 kg·hm-2，不剪穗）、210N（施氮量210 kg·hm-2）3个氮肥处理，并在150N处理下设置剪半穗处理，测定稻田CH4排放、根系分泌物有机碳含量、源库大小和产量等指标。结果表明：与210N处理相比，150N（S0）处理下水稻单位面积颖花数和库容分别显著提高6.7%和6.6%；剪穗导致单位面积颖花数和库容均下降55.9%。不同处理下的库特征变化显著影响水稻产量和稻田CH4排放，150N（S0）处理下CH4累积排放量比210N处理下显著降低了29.5%，产量升高了7.2%；与不剪穗相比，剪穗导致产量降低53.0%，而CH4累积排放量升高76.8%。CH4累积排放量和单位产量的CH4累积排放量分别与库容、单位面积颖花数、粒叶比及产量呈显著负相关。与210N处理相比，150N（S0）处理下根系分泌物中总有机碳和碳水化合物总量分别降低18.9%和39.7%；与不剪穗相比，剪穗导致根系分泌物总有机碳和碳水化合物总量分别显著增加65.8%和217.1%。CH4累积排放量和单位产量的CH4累积排放量与根系分泌物中总有机碳和碳水化合物总量显著正相关，而根系分泌物中总有机碳和碳水化合物总量与单位面积颖花数、库容、产量显著负相关。研究表明，不同处理下水稻库特征变化主要通过影响根系分泌物进而影响CH4排放，因此适量施氮可以增加库容量，减少根系有机碳分泌，从而在实现较高水稻产量的同时减少稻田CH4排放。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To elucidate the relationship between the source-sink characteristics of rice plants and CH4 emissions from paddy fields, a study was conducted using three nitrogen application rates of 0N（no nitrogen application）, 150N（S0）（150 kg·hm-2, no panicle removal）, and 210N（210 kg·hm-2）, and a half-panicle removal treatment under 150N treatment, under field conditions. CH4 emissions from paddy fields, total organic carbon, and carbohydrate content in root exudates, and source-sink size and grain yield were measured. The results indicated that compared with 210N, 150N（S0）significantly increased the spikelet number per unit area by 6.7% and the sink capacity by 6.6%, while panicle removal resulted in a 55.9% decrease in both the spikelet number per unit area and the sink capacity. Sink characteristics under different treatments significantly influenced rice yield and CH4 emissions from paddy fields. Compared with 210N, 150N（S0） significantly decreased the cumulative CH4 emissions by 29.5% and increased the yield by 7.2%. Panicle removal resulted in a 53.0% decrease in yield and a 76.8% increase in cumulative CH4 emissions. The cumulative CH4 emissions and the yield-scaled CH4 emissions were significantly and negatively correlated with sink capacity, spikelet number per unit area, grain-leaf ratio, and rice yield, respectively. Compared with 210N, 150N（S0）decreased the total organic carbon and carbohydrates in root exudates by 18.9% and 39.7%, respectively; while compared with no panicle removal, panicle removal significantly increased the total organic carbon and carbohydrate contents in root exudates by 65.8% and 217.1%, respectively. The cumulative CH4 emissions and the yield-scaled CH4 emissions were significantly and positively correlated with the total organic carbon and carbohydrate content in root exudates. Additionally, the total organic carbon and carbohydrate contents in root exudates were significantly and negatively correlated with the spikelet number per unit area, sink capacity, and grain yield. This study indicated that the characteristics of rice sink under different treatments mainly affect CH 4 emissions through root exudates. Therefore, moderate nitrogen application rates can increase rice sink capacity and reduce root organic carbon exudation, thereby reducing CH4 emissions from paddy fields while achieving higher rice yields. |
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