| 张孟鸽,李永梅,范茂攀,赵吉霞,鲁泽让,王婷.高肥力土壤下马铃薯磷肥利用及投入阈值研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(8):1838-1845. |
| 高肥力土壤下马铃薯磷肥利用及投入阈值研究 |
| Phosphorus fertilizer utilization and input threshold of potato in high fertility soil |
| 投稿时间：2024-01-18 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0071 |
| 中文关键词: 施磷量 马铃薯产量 土壤磷盈余 磷阈值 |
| 英文关键词: phosphorus application potato yield soil phosphorus surplus phosphorus threshold |
| 基金项目:云南省科技重大专项（202202AE090034）；洱海流域农业绿色发展研究院项目（202304BQ040005）；云南省张福锁院士工作站项目（202305AF150055） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究农田磷肥投入阈值，保证马铃薯产量的同时减少磷养分进入流域水体的风险，通过田间试验研究了5种施磷处理（以P2O5计）：0、90、135、180、225 kg·hm-2对马铃薯产量、土壤有效磷累积、土壤磷平衡及磷肥利用率的影响。结果表明，施磷能显著提高马铃薯产量，增产幅度为 35.3%~44.7%。马铃薯产量随施磷量的增加呈先增后减趋势，其中以施磷 180 kg·hm-2处理的马铃薯产量最高，为33 020 kg·hm-2。磷肥偏生产力和磷肥农学利用率均随施磷量的增加呈下降趋势，而磷肥表观利用率差异不显著。0~60 cm土层有效磷含量和累积量均随施磷量的增加呈增加趋势；各处理0~40 cm土层有效磷累积量占0~60 cm土层有效磷累积总量的78.6%~88.1%。将磷素盈余与施磷量、马铃薯产量、土壤有效磷含量和累积量、磷肥利用效率分别进行拟合，当磷素盈余为 0 时，施磷量为 137.5 kg·hm-2，马铃薯产量为 32 756 kg·hm-2，0~20、20~40 cm 和 40~60 cm 土层有效磷含量分别为 70.5、49.4mg·kg-1和19.7 mg·kg-1，有效磷累积量分别为150.8、161.9 kg·hm-2和64.8 kg·hm-2，磷肥偏生产力为242.1 kg·kg-1，磷肥农学利用率为72.7 kg·kg-1。研究表明，在洱海流域高肥力水平农用地区域，施磷量131~144 kg·hm-2可作为马铃薯高产且环境友好的磷肥投入阈值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore input threshold of phosphate fertilizer in farmland, ensure potato yield and reduce the risk of phosphorus nutrients entering water body of basin, a field experiment was carried out to investigate five phosphorus fertilization treatments（P2O5）：0, 90, 135, 180, and 225 kg ·hm-2, respectively on potato yield, soil available phosphorus accumulation, soil phosphorus balance and phosphorus use efficiency. The results showed that phosphorus application could significantly increase potato yield, and yield increase ranged from 35.3% to 44.7%. The potato yield increased at first and decreased later with increasing of phosphorus application, and the highest yield was 180 kg P2O5 ·hm-2 treatment, which was 33 020 kg ·hm-2. Phosphorus partial productivity and agronomic efficiency decreased with increasing of phosphorus application, and there was no significant difference in phosphorus recovery efficiency. Available phosphorus content and accumulation of 0-60 cm soil increased with increasing of phosphorus application and available phosphorus accumulation of each treatment（0-40 cm）accounts from 78.6% to 88.1% of total accumulation（0-60 cm）. When phosphorus surplus was 0, phosphorus application was 137.5 kg·hm-2, potato yield was 32 756 kg·hm-2, available phosphorus content in 0-20, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil were 70.5, 49.4 mg·kg-1 and 19.7 mg·kg-1, respectively, available phosphorus accumulation in 0-20, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil were 150.8, 161.9 kg·hm-2 and 64.8 kg·hm-2, respectively, phosphorus partial productivity and agronomic efficiency were 242.1 kg·kg-1 and 72.7 kg ·kg-1, respectively, by simulating between phosphorus application, potato yield, soil available phosphorus content, soil available phosphorus accumulation, phosphorus utilization efficiency and phosphorus surplus. In conclusion, phosphorus application ranges from 131 kg·hm-2 to 144 kg·hm-2 can be used as phosphorus fertilizer input threshold for high-yield and environmentally friendly in the area of high phosphorus level farmland in Erhai Lake basin. |
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