| 李马波,曾宇,陈宁,王玉军,方国东.生物炭对上覆水光化学及吡虫啉转化的机制[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(8):1732-1742. |
| 生物炭对上覆水光化学及吡虫啉转化的机制 |
| Mechanism of biochar on photochemical processes and imidacloprid transformation |
| 投稿时间：2024-03-07 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2024-0210 |
| 中文关键词: 生物炭 光致活性组分 自由基 溶解性有机质 吡虫啉 |
| 英文关键词: biochar reactive intermediate dissolved organic matter imidacloprid |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC3702103，2022YFC3701405）；国家自然科学基金项目（42022049，42107382，42130707）；土壤研究所145项目（ISSASIP2213） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究施用生物炭对稻田上覆水光化学过程及吡虫啉（IMD）转化的影响机制，本研究于2022年6月至9月开展大田实验，设置单施化肥（CK）、稻壳生物炭（25% RH）和玉米秸秆生物炭（25% CS）3种处理，检测各处理上覆水中光敏物质含量及性质、活性组分分布及IMD光解速率的变化。结果表明，相较于单施化肥处理，施用稻壳生物炭和玉米秸秆生物炭显著促进了活性组分的产生，羟基自由基（·OH）、三重激发态溶解性有机质（3DOM*）和单线态氧（1O2）的稳态浓度分别提高了0.92%~71.97%、21.29%~137.00%和10.42%~370.24%，且在育苗期上覆水光致活性组分的增加比分蘖期更为显著；进一步解析了生物炭促进活性组分产生的机制，紫外-可见及三维荧光光谱的结果表明，同化肥处理相比，施用生物炭显著增加了上覆水中类富里酸和类色氨酸等有机质生色团的含量，该组分的增加是生物炭促进上覆水光致活性组分产生的主要原因；此外，相较于化肥处理，生物炭的施用也显著促进了杀虫剂IMD的降解，其一级降解速率从1.72×10-2 h-1提高到3.76×10-2 h-1，自由基淬灭实验证实了·OH、3DOM*和1O2对吡虫啉降解的贡献分别为41.78%、62.70%和9.76%。施用生物炭有利于稻田上覆水中生色团和荧光物质的积累，从而促进了上覆水光化学过程，并提高RIs浓度，进而加速IMD降解，其中玉米秸秆生物炭对提高上覆水中光致活性组分稳态浓度和IMD降解速率效果更强。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the effect mechanism of biochar application on reactive intermediates（RIs）in paddy water, a field experiment was conducted from June to September 2022, and three treatments were set up：chemical fertilizer（CK）, rice husk biochar（25%RH）and corn stalk biochar（25%CS）. The content and properties of photosensitizer, the concentration of RIs and the photolysis rate of imidacloprid （IMD）were measured in paddy water. The results showed that compared with chemical fertilizer, the application of rice husk biochar and corn straw biochar significantly increased the steady-state concentrations of reactive intermediates（RIs）, ·OH, 3DOM* and 1O2 by 0.92%-71.97%, 21.29%-137.00% and 10.42%-370.24%, respectively. The promoting effect of biochar on RIs at seedling stage was more significant than that at tillering stage. The mechanism of biochar promoting the production of RIs was further analyzed. Compared with fertilizer treatment, the application of biochar significantly increased the content of fulvic acid and tryptophan in paddy water, which was the main reason that biochar promoted the production of photoactive components in paddy water. In addition, compared with fertilizer treatment, the biochar treatment also significantly promoted the degradation rate of IMD, which was increased from 1.72×10-2 h-1 to 3.76×10-2 h-1. The quenching reaction proved that the contribution of ·OH, 3DOM* and 1O2 to the degradation of IMD was 41.78%, 62.70% and 9.76%, respectively. The application of biochar was conducive to the accumulation of chromophores and fluorescent substances in paddy water, thus promoting the photochemical process and increasing the RIs concentration. Therefore, biochar application accelerated IMD degradation in paddy water. The corn straw biochar from herbal materials had a stronger effect on increasing the steady-state concentration of RIs and the degradation rate of IMD in paddy water than rice husk biochar. |
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