| 冯娟,艾昊,陈清敏,赵鹏鹤,李华,汪文波,薛智凤.金属矿区土壤重金属污染的分布特征及因果关系解析——以某金矿为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(12):2721-2730. |
| 金属矿区土壤重金属污染的分布特征及因果关系解析——以某金矿为例 |
| Distribution characteristics and causality analysis of soil heavy metals pollution in a metal mining area：a case study of a gold mine |
| 投稿时间：2023-07-17 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0568 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤 重金属 污染特征 风险评价 因果关系 |
| 英文关键词: soil heavy metal pollution characteristic risk assessment causality |
| 基金项目:陕西省自然科学基础研究计划课题（2022JQ-287）；2022年陕西省省级生态环保及应急管理专项资金项目：秦巴地区典型金属矿山环境损害鉴定评估方法研究；陕西省公益性地质调查项目（202114） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 冯娟 | 陕西省地质调查院, 西安 710000
陕西省地质调查院实验中心, 西安 710000 | | | 艾昊 | 陕西省地质调查院, 西安 710000
陕西省地质调查院实验中心, 西安 710000 | aihao0454@126.com | | 陈清敏 | 陕西省地质调查院, 西安 710000
陕西省地质调查院实验中心, 西安 710000 | | | 赵鹏鹤 | 陕西省社会科学院, 西安 710000 | | | 李华 | 陕西省地质调查院, 西安 710000
陕西省地质调查院实验中心, 西安 710000 | | | 汪文波 | 陕西省地质调查院, 西安 710000
陕西省地质调查院实验中心, 西安 710000 | | | 薛智凤 | 陕西省地质调查院, 西安 710000
陕西省地质调查院实验中心, 西安 710000 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为客观评价矿区土壤重金属污染状况，并解析其因果关系，以陕西秦巴山区某金矿为对象，采用地累积指数法和潜在生态危险指数法对研究区土壤重金属污染程度与生态风险进行评价，并通过化学分析法与相关性分析探讨重金属污染物的空间分布特征与同源性，从而对研究区土壤重金属污染的因果关系进行解析。结果表明：研究区内地表水的pH在2.66~8.18之间，62.5%的点位低于Ⅱ类地表水标准，尤其以工业场地与沟河内地表水呈明显酸性；整个研究区域的土壤主要表现为酸性，土壤样品中Cd、Hg、Cu变异系数均大于1，属于强变异，受人为影响因素显著；地累积指数法表明，矿区土壤中污染较为明显的重金属元素为Cd与As，尤其是在农用地与工业场地中较为显著。Pb与Cr元素的污染行为最弱，在三个不同区域中的无污染点位数均达到了100%；从综合潜在生态风险程度来看，三个区域均处于中等生态风险及以上，工业场地为高生态风险等级，综合风险指数为429.5，尾矿库和农用地为中等生态风险等级，综合风险指数分别为164.1和155.3。研究表明，尾矿库与矿硐涌水是研究区的重点污染源，在后期的生态环境治理及监测中需要重点关注Cd与As的生态风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to objectively evaluate the situation of soil heavy metal pollution in mining area and analyze its causal relationship, in this study, a gold mine in Qinba Mountain area of Shaanxi Province was selected as the object. The soil heavy metal pollution degree and ecological risk in the study area were evaluated using the local accumulation index method and potential ecological risk index method. The spatial distribution characteristics and homology of heavy metal pollutants were examined through chemical and correlation analysis, to analyze the causality of soil heavy metal pollution in the study area. The results showed that the pH of surface water in the study area ranged from 2.66 to 8.18, and 62.5% of the surface water was lower than the standard of Class Ⅱ surface water, especially the surface water in industrial sites and gullies was strongly acidic. The soil in the entire study area was mainly acidic, and the variation coefficients of Cd,Hg, and Cu in soil samples were all greater than 1, which indicates strong variation and is significantly affected by human factors. The soil accumulation index method showed that Cd and As were the most obvious heavy metal elements in the soil of mining area, especially in agricultural land and on industrial sites. The pollution behavior of Pb and Cr elements was the least prominent, and the pollution-free point number in three different regions reached 100%. From the perspective of the comprehensive degree of potential ecological risk, the three regions were in the medium ecological risk or above. The industrial site had a high ecological risk grade and the comprehensive risk index was 429.5. The tailings pond and agricultural land were a medium ecological risk grade, and the comprehensive risk indices were 164.1 and 155.3, respectively. Our results indicate that the tailings pond and mine water gushing are the key pollution sources in the study area, and more attention should be paid to the ecological risks of Cd and As in the ecological environment management with monitoring in the later stages. |
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