| 储霞玲,郑林秀,叶高松,陈俊秋.我国露地与设施番茄生产的温室气体排放比较[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(8):1870-1881. |
| 我国露地与设施番茄生产的温室气体排放比较 |
| Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions of open-field and facility-grown tomato production systems in China |
| 投稿时间：2022-12-06 修订日期：2023-03-17 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-1252 |
| 中文关键词: 露地番茄 设施番茄 温室气体排放 环境评价 空间差异 |
| 英文关键词: open-field tomatoes facility-grown tomatoes greenhouse gas emissions environmental assessment spatial differences |
| 基金项目:2022年广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金省级项目（第一批）（2021-440000-24010603-8817） |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 储霞玲 | 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所, 广东省蔬菜新技术研究重点实验室, 广州粤港澳大湾区菜篮子研究院, 广州 510640 | | 郑林秀 | 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所, 广东省蔬菜新技术研究重点实验室, 广州粤港澳大湾区菜篮子研究院, 广州 510640 | | 叶高松 | 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所, 广东省蔬菜新技术研究重点实验室, 广州粤港澳大湾区菜篮子研究院, 广州 510640 | | 陈俊秋 | 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所, 广东省蔬菜新技术研究重点实验室, 广州粤港澳大湾区菜篮子研究院, 广州 510640 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为比较我国不同栽培方式（露地与设施）及不同省份番茄生产的温室气体排放差异，基于生命周期法，遵循农田生态系统的全环式路径，根据《全国农产品成本收益资料汇编—2020》数据，对我国露地与设施番茄的温室气体排放及碳评价指标进行了测算和比较分析。结果显示：我国露地、设施番茄生产系统的平均温室气体排放量分别为4 630.09、8 697.52 kg CO2e·hm-2，设施比露地高87.85%；露地番茄的主要温室气体排放源为化肥，而设施番茄的主要温室气体排放源为农膜和化肥；露地番茄的净温室气体排放为负、碳生态效率大于1，对生态环境具有正外部性，而设施番茄的净温室气体排放为正、碳生态效率小于1，具有负环境外部性；土地碳强度、碳生产效率、碳经济效率方面，设施种植的可持续性均低于露地种植。各省份露地、设施番茄温室气体排放量分别在2 849.24~7 524.61、5 788.83~13 779.69 kg CO2e·hm-2之间，最高省份分别是最低省份的2.64、2.38倍，露地、设施番茄的温室气体排放、构成、固碳量、碳生态效率、碳生产效率、碳经济效率均存在显著的省际差异。研究表明：我国番茄生产的温室气体排放具有显著的栽培方式差异和省间差异，针对露地番茄生产应优化化肥用量、提高化肥利用率，针对设施番茄生产除减少化肥使用量外，应推广使用增厚农膜，加大农膜回收力度，减少农膜用量。对于碳生态效率、经济效率都低的省份，重点开展产业结构和生产方式调整；对碳生态效率低、但碳经济效率高的省份，注重开发绿色生产技术，挖掘节能减排潜力；对碳生态效率高、但碳经济效率低的省份，注重品牌打造，以提升价格和效益；对碳生态效率、经济效率都高的省份，加大支持力度，打造番茄优势产区。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To compare the differences in the greenhouse gas emissions between tomato production in different cultivation modes(openfield and facility) and different provinces in China, based on the life cycle assessment method and following the comprehensive loop path of farmland ecosystem, as well as utilizing the data of the National Collection of Cost Benefit of Agricultural Products in 2020, this study comparatively analyzed the greenhouse gas emissions and carbon assessment indicators of the open-field and facility-grown tomato production systems in China. The results showed that the average greenhouse gas emissions of the open-field and facility-grown tomato production systems in China were 4 630.09 kg CO2e·hm-2 and 8 697.52 kg CO2e·hm-2, respectively, whereas that of the facility-grown tomatoes was 87.85% higher than that of open-field tomatoes. In open-field tomato production, the main contributor of greenhouse gas emissions was chemical fertilizer, whereas, for facility-grown tomatoes, the main contributors were agricultural film and chemical fertilizer. The net greenhouse gas emissions of the open-field tomatoes were negative, and the carbon ecological efficiency was greater than one, which demonstrated that open-field tomato production had a positive externality. However, the net greenhouse gas emission of the facilitygrown tomatoes was positive, and the carbon ecological efficiency was less than one, which meant that the facility-grown tomato production had a negative environmental externality. Regarding land carbon intensity, carbon production efficiency, and carbon economic efficiency, the sustainability of facility-grown tomato production was lower than that of open-field tomato production. The greenhouse gas emissions of the open-field and facility-grown tomato productions in different provinces were 2 849.24-7 524.61 kg CO2e·hm-2 and 5 788.83-13 779.69 kg CO2e·hm-2, respectively. The highest value was 2.64 times and 2.38 times the lowest value, respectively. There were significant provincial differences in the greenhouse gas emissions, main contributors, carbon fixation, carbon ecological efficiency, carbon production efficiency, and carbon economic efficiency of tomato production in the open-field and facility-grown systems. The greenhouse gas emissions of tomato production in China demonstrated significant differences in different cultivation methods and various provinces. In open-field tomato production, the amount of chemical fertilizer should be optimized and the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer should be improved; for facility-grown tomato production, in addition to reducing the use of fertilizer, we should promote the use of thickened agricultural film and increase the recovery of agricultural film to reduce the amount of agricultural film. For provinces with low carbon ecological efficiency and economic efficiency, we should focus on industrial structure and production mode adjustment. For provinces with a low carbon ecological efficiency but high carbon economic efficiency, we should pay attention to the development of green production technologies, and realize the potential of energy conservation and emission reductions. For provinces with a high carbon ecological efficiency but low carbon economic efficiency, we should pay attention to brand building to improve prices and benefits. Provinces with high carbon ecological efficiency and economic efficiency should be prioritized as dominant tomato production areas. |
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