于云飞,汪玉,李爽,陈光蕾,赵洪猛,赵旭,王慎强.稻麦轮作农田有机无机肥配施下磷平衡研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(7):1554-1562. |
稻麦轮作农田有机无机肥配施下磷平衡研究 |
Phosphorus surplus under organic fertilizer substitution in a rice-wheat rotation system |
投稿时间:2022-11-19 |
DOI:10.11654/jaes.2022-1184 |
中文关键词: 有机无机肥配施 稻麦轮作 作物产量 磷损失 磷平衡 |
英文关键词: organic fertilizer substitution rice-wheat rotation crop yield phosphorus loss phosphorus balance |
基金项目:内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(NMKJXM202009);国家自然科学基金项目(42277026);长江生态环境保护修复联合研究二期项目(2022-LHYJ-02-0502-05) |
作者 | 单位 | E-mail | 于云飞 | 江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 | | 汪玉 | 江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 | wangyu@issas.ac.cn | 李爽 | 江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 | | 陈光蕾 | 江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008 | | 赵洪猛 | 江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008 | | 赵旭 | 江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 | | 王慎强 | 江苏常熟农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 中国科学院南京土壤研究所, 南京 210008 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 | sqwang@issas.ac.cn |
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中文摘要: |
为探究太湖流域稻麦轮作农田有机无机肥不同配施方式下的磷平衡,通过控氮控磷(4 a)和控氮不控磷(24 a)两种配施方式的田间定位试验,分析稻麦产量及磷吸收量、土壤磷含量、径流磷损失以及磷平衡。控氮控磷试验设有 6 个处理:不施磷肥(CK),单施化肥(CF),有机无机肥配施中包括商品肥 OM、猪粪 PM、鸡粪 CM 及牛粪 DM(均为有机肥等氮磷钾替代 30% 化学磷肥);控氮不控磷试验设有3个处理:不施磷肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)、猪粪有机无机肥配施(PM),配施方式为有机肥仅等氮替代稻季40%和麦季50%化学氮肥。结果表明:相较CF处理,控氮控磷配施方式各处理稻麦周年磷素略有盈余,径流磷损失量无显著性差异,CF、OM、PM、CM、DM磷平衡(以P计)分别为-0.76、2.29、4.58、4.40、8.54 kg·hm-2,径流磷损失量为0.08~0.15 kg·hm-2;控氮不控磷配施方式PM稻麦周年磷平衡及径流磷损失量显著提高3.41倍和50.4倍,CF和PM磷盈余量分别为26.7、118 kg·hm-2,径流磷损失量分别为0.10、5.14 kg·hm-2。相较控氮控磷,控氮不控磷配施的磷盈余及径流磷损失量均大幅增加。综上表明,有机无机肥总投入量过高会导致土壤磷大量盈余,极大增加磷损失的环境风险。因此,施用有机肥的同时应考虑控制氮磷施入量,有机肥部分替代化肥养分等量控制是可行的有机无机肥配施方式。 |
英文摘要: |
Suitable organic fertilizer substitutions for crop yield, phosphorus uptake, soil nutrient content, runoff loss, and phosphorus surplus in paddy soil was studied. Field experiments included partial organic substitution for chemical N and P(4th-yr)and partial organic substitution for chemical N(24th-yr). The treatments with partial organic substitution for chemical N and P included no phosphate fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizer(CF), commercial organic fertilizer(OM), pig manure(PM), chicken manure(CM)and cow manure substitution (DM); the treatments with partial organic substitution for chemical N included no fertilizer(CK), chemical fertilizer(CF), and pig manure substitution(PM). The principal findings were that the partial organic substitution for chemical N resulted in a significantly higher runoff phosphorus loss and phosphorus surplus. In the treatment with partial organic substitution for chemical N and P, the annual P loss of runoff was 0.08–0.15 kg·hm-2, and no significant differences in organic replacement treatments compared with chemical fertilizer were observed. The annual P balance of CF, OM, PM, CM, and DM was -0.76, 2.29, 4.58, 4.40 kg·hm-2, and 8.54 kg·hm-2, respectively. In the treatment with partial organic substitution for chemical N, compared with chemical fertilizer, the annual runoff P loss and P surplus were significantly increased by 50.4 fold and 3.41 fold; the runoff P loss P of PM and CF was 5.14 kg·hm-2 and 0.10 kg·hm-2, and the P balance was 118 kg· hm-2 and 26.7 kg·hm-2. Concurrently, the wheat yield, soil available phosphorus, and total phosphorus content were significantly increased. Our results indicate that excess P input through organic fertilizer would lead to P surplus and potential environmental risk. Therefore, partial replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer should control the input of nitrogen and phosphorus. |
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