| 胡传鹤,李永涛,尚梦如,陈欣敏,田卓迅,林学明.5种新烟碱类农药在农田土壤中的吸附和淋溶行为[J].农业环境科学学报,2023,42(3):539-546. |
| 5种新烟碱类农药在农田土壤中的吸附和淋溶行为 |
| Adsorption and leaching behavior of five neonicotinoid pesticides in farmland soil |
| 投稿时间：2023-01-12 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0023 |
| 中文关键词: 新烟碱类农药|Freundlich方程|吸附|淋溶 |
| 英文关键词: neonicotinoid pesticides|Freundlich equation|adsorption|leaching |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41907104，U1901601）；广东省科技计划项目（2022B0202160007） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究新烟碱类农药在农田土壤中的吸附、淋溶行为，于2022年4—8月，采用振荡平衡法和土柱淋溶法，以呋虫胺等5种新烟碱类农药为代表，在广东省河源市灯塔盆地国家现代农业示范区中选取3种不同类型土壤（红壤土、水稻土、潮土）开展试验。结果表明：5种新烟碱类农药在3种土壤中的Kd值（土壤吸附系数）范围为红壤土0.33~0.86 mL·g-1、水稻土1.47~3.21 mL·g-1、潮土0.63~1.47 mL·g-1；Koc值（土壤吸附常数）范围为红壤土36.67~95.56 mL·g-1、水稻土81.64~178.37 mL·g-1、潮土52.56~122.51 mL·g-1）；ΔG值（土壤吸附自由能）范围为红壤土-8.76~-11.10 kJ·mol-1、水稻土-10.71~-12.61 kJ·mol-1、潮土-9.64~-11.70 kJ·mol-1。5种新烟碱类农药在3种不同类型土壤中的吸附性属于难吸附，且为自发的物理吸附。土壤有机质含量（r=0.772 8~0.996 3）和土壤黏粒含量（r=0.734 5~0.963 4）是对农药吸附过程影响最为显著的土壤理化指标。5种新烟碱类农药在3种土壤的20~30 cm淋溶层及淋出液中的质量百分比范围为红壤土73.8%~87.4%、水稻土1.3%~62.3%、潮土10.5%~71.8%。5种新烟碱类农药在红壤土中的淋溶性属于易淋溶，在水稻土、潮土中的淋溶性属于可淋溶，土壤有机质含量越高，供试农药在土壤中越难淋溶。研究表明，5种新烟碱类农药在红壤土中难吸附、易淋溶，在水稻土与潮土中难吸附、可淋溶，5种新烟碱类农药会随降雨、灌溉等因素渗入土壤，对地下水造成潜在的污染。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the adsorption and leaching behavior of neonicotinoid pesticides in farmland soil, the adsorption and leaching process of five types of neonicotinoid pesticides such as furosemide in three different types of soil in the National Modern Agriculture Demonstration Zone, Dengtu Basin, Heyuan City, Guangdong Province, were studied from April to August 2022 using the oscillation balance and soil column leaching methods. The results showed that the Kd（soil adsorption coefficient）values of the five neonicotinoid pesticides in the three types of soil varied in the following range：red soil（0.33-0.86 mL·g-1）, paddy soil（1.47-3.21 mL·g-1）, and moisture soil（0.63-1.47 mL·g-1）; the Koc（soil adsorption constant）values varied in the following range：red soil（36.67-95.56 mL·g-1）, paddy soil （81.64-178.37 mL·g-1）, and moisture soil（52.56-122.51 mL·g-1）; ΔG（free energy of soil adsorption）varied in the following range：red soil（-8.76--11.10 kJ·mol-1）, paddy soil（-10.71--12.61 kJ·mol-1）, and moisture soil（-9.64--11.70 kJ·mol-1）. Five neonicotinoid pesticides were difficult to adsorb in the three types of soil, and this process was spontaneous physical adsorption. Soil organic matter content（r=0.7728-0.9963）and clay content（r=0.7345-0.9634）were the most significant soil physical and chemical parameters influencing the adsorption process. The R3+R4（mass percentage of pesticide in 20 cm to 30 cm sections and leaching solution）value of neonicotinoid pesticides in the three types of soils ranged as follows：red soil（73.8%-87.4%）, paddy soil（1.3%-62.3%）, and moisture soil （10.5%-71.8%）. The five types of neonicotinoid pesticides were difficult to adsorb and easy to leach in red soil, but difficult to absorb and leachable in paddy soil and moisture soil. The increase of soil organic matter content significantly inhibited the leaching process. The study shows that the five types of neonicotinoid insecticides are difficult to adsorb and easy to dissolve in red loam, and will penetrate into the soil with rainfall, irrigation and other factors, causing potential pollution of groundwater. |
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