华北不同利用强度潮土酶生态化学计量特征比较

李胜君; 盛美君; 李刚; 杨昕玥; 王蕊; 李洁; 张贵龙; 修伟明

文章摘要

李胜君,盛美君,李刚,杨昕玥,王蕊,李洁,张贵龙,修伟明.华北不同利用强度潮土酶生态化学计量特征比较[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(12):2733-2741.

华北不同利用强度潮土酶生态化学计量特征比较

Variations in eco-enzymatic stoichiometric characteristics of fluvo-aquic soil with different use intensities in The North China Plain

投稿时间：2022-10-12 修订日期：2022-11-03

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-1017

中文关键词: 土地利用强度微生物养分限制土壤酶活性生态化学计量特征临时草地

英文关键词: land use intensity microbial nutrient limitation soil enzyme activity eco-enzymatic stoichiometric characteristics temporary grassland

基金项目:农业农村部环境保护科研监测所基础前沿项目（2022-jcqyrw-xwm）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目和公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503121-04）

作者	单位	E-mail
李胜君	农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
盛美君	农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
李刚	农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191	ligang20032002@126.com
杨昕玥	农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
王蕊	农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
李洁	农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
张贵龙	农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191
修伟明	农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191	xiuweiming@126.com

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中文摘要:

为探究土壤酶活性和微生物养分限制水平对土地利用强度的响应特征，本研究设置1个高强度（小麦-玉米轮作，MW）、2个中强度（临时草地-小麦，GW；玉米-临时草地，MG）和1个低强度（多年生草地，PG）共4个处理，6 a后采样解析土壤酶活性及酶生态化学计量特征。结果表明：土壤pH值随土地利用强度降低而下降（仅PG达到显著），PG和GW均增加了土壤有机碳（Organiccarbon，OC）含量；PG还增加了土壤全氮（Total nitrogen，TN）与有效磷（Available phosphorus，AP）含量，进而提高了土壤C∶P和N∶P的比值。与MW和MG相比，PG和GW提高了β-1，4-葡萄糖苷酶（β-1，4-glucosidase，BG）、β-N-乙酰-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase，NAG）+亮氨酸氨基肽酶（Leucine aminopeptidase，LAP）和碱性磷酸酶（Alkaline phosphatase，ALP）活性，以及土壤酶碳磷比（C/P ratio of extracellular enzymatic activities，EEAC∶P）和土壤酶氮磷比（N/P ratio of extracellular enzymaticactivities，EEAN∶P），显著降低了土壤微生物P限制。相关性分析表明：土壤C、N和P关键代谢酶活性均与OC、TN、C∶P和N∶P显著正相关，而与NH+4-N显著负相关；EEAC∶P和EEAN∶P均与OC、C∶P和N∶P显著正相关，但仅EEAN∶P与NH+4-N显著负相关。随机森林模型分析表明，pH是土壤微生物C限制的主要解释因子，而C∶P、N∶P和NH+4-N对土壤微生物P限制的解释度最高。研究表明，将临时草地模式引入农田能够增强土壤固碳和供氮能力，提高土壤酶活性并降低土壤微生物P限制，可为集约化农业管理下提升农田土壤生态系统质量提供理论依据和技术支撑。

英文摘要:

To explore the response characteristics of soil enzyme activities and microbial nutrient restriction levels to land use intensity, in the present study, a chronic fixed field experiment was conducted. The experiment had four treatments：one treatment with high use intensity（wheat-maize rotation, MW）; two treatments with middle use intensity（temporary grassland rotation with wheat and maize rotation with temporary grassland, GW and MG, respectively）; one treatment with low use intensity（perennial grassland, PG）. The soil enzyme activities and ecological stoichiometry were analyzed after 6 years. The results indicated decreasing soil pH with decreasing land use intensity（only PG was significant）. PG and GW treatments increased organic carbon（OC）, total nitrogen（TN）, and available phosphorus （AP）contents in soil, thereby increasing the soil C∶N and N∶P ratios. Land use intensity had major impacts on key soil enzymatic activities, with higher activities of β -1, 4-glucosidase（BG）, β -N-acetyl-glucosaminidase + leucine aminopeptidase（NAG + LAP）, alkaline phosphatase（ALP）, C/P ratio of extracellular enzymatic activities（EEAC∶P）, and N/P ratio of extracellular enzymatic activities（EEAN∶P） observed in PG and GW compared with MW and MG treatments, but alleviated P limitation. Correlation analysis suggested that key enzymatic activities showed a positive relationship with OC and TN contents as well as C∶P, and N∶P ratios, but a remarkedly negative association with NH₄⁺-N content. Both EEAC∶P and EEAN∶P ratios were significantly positively correlated with OC content and C∶P and N∶P ratios. However, a significantly negative relationship was observed only between EEAN∶P ratio and NH₄⁺-N content. Random forest analysis illustrated that pH was the main explanatory variant for microbial C limitation, while C∶P and N∶P ratios as well as NH₄⁺-N content contributed more to soil microbial P limitation. These results indicate that integrating temporal grass into agricultural land use management can enhance soil carbon sequestration and nitrogen supply, improve soil enzyme activities, and lower soil microbial P limitation. These findings provide a theoretical basis and technical support for improving soil ecosystem quality under intensive agricultural management.

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