| 刘雅萍,王常荣,任兴华,刘月敏,黄永春,刘仲齐,张长波.叶施谷胱甘肽对水稻镉和矿质元素含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(9):1864-1874. |
| 叶施谷胱甘肽对水稻镉和矿质元素含量的影响 |
| Effects of glutathione foliar application on Cd and mineral elements in rice |
| 投稿时间：2022-02-08 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2022-0118 |
| 中文关键词: 谷胱甘肽 水稻 镉 矿质元素 叶面喷施 |
| 英文关键词: glutathione rice Cd mineral element foliar application |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41501249，42077153，U20A20108）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 刘雅萍 | 天津城建大学环境与市政工程学院, 天津 300384
农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 天津 300191 | | | 王常荣 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 天津 300191 | wangchangrong109@163.com | | 任兴华 | 湖南省湘潭市农业科学研究所, 湖南 湘潭 411134 | | | 刘月敏 | 天津城建大学环境与市政工程学院, 天津 300384 | lyuemn@126.com | | 黄永春 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 天津 300191 | | | 刘仲齐 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 天津 300191 | | | 张长波 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 天津 300191 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为评估还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）作为水稻降Cd叶面调理剂的可行性，本研究通过田间试验，检测开花期叶面喷施一次GSH对水稻各器官Cd和矿质元素含量的影响，并结合各元素在水稻不同器官中的分布情况，探究GSH抑制水稻体内Cd转运的作用机制。结果表明：开花期叶面喷施GSH可显著降低水稻籽粒中Cd含量，最高降幅可达76.5%，使稻米Cd含量由0.449 mg·kg-1降至我国食品安全标准（0.2 mg·kg-1）以内，并提高了稻米中K、Mg、Ca和Mn的含量。喷施GSH后水稻各营养器官的Cd含量均显著降低，降幅为68.8%~86.7%；同时，不同器官中K、Mg、Ca、Fe、Mn和Zn的含量也有不同程度的升高或降低。不同相邻器官之间的元素转移系数显示，叶面喷施GSH分别提高了Cd和Zn从第二节间到穗下节的转移系数，增幅可达46.2%和134.4%，降低了Cd和Zn从穗下节到旗叶的转移系数，降幅分别为44.5%和32.2%，并降低了Cd从穗下节继续向上到穗颈的转运系数，降幅可达31.4%。相关性分析发现，不同处理组水稻第二节及以上营养器官中，Zn含量与Cd含量相关系数最高，为0.809，为极强正相关（P<0.001）。由此可见，喷施GSH不但降低了水稻各器官中Cd含量，而且能够通过调控穗下节与其相连营养器官——穗颈、第二节间和旗叶之间的Cd转运，提高水稻自身主要Cd阻控器官——穗下节对Cd的拦截能力，进而抑制Cd向籽粒的转运和积累。同时，喷施GSH也提高了水稻穗下节对Zn的固定能力，改变了水稻不同营养器官中6种矿质元素的含量和分布，其中Zn与Cd的相关性最高，并最终提高了稻米中K、Mg、Ca和Mn的含量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To evaluate the feasibility of glutathione(GSH)as a foliar conditioner for Cd reduction in rice, field experiments in Hunan province were conducted to study the effects of GSH foliar application on the concentration of Cd and mineral elements in different rice organs, and the Cd reduction mechanisms of GSH application on rice were explored. The results showed that foliar application of GSH at rice flowering stage significantly decreased Cd concentration in grains, with a maximum decrease of 76.5%, from 0.449 mg·kg-1 to less than 0.2 mg·kg-1, which is the food safety standard in China. In rice grains, GSH spraying significantly increased the concentration of mineral elements such as K, Mg, Ca, and Mn. Under GSH treatment, the Cd concentration in all vegetative organs of rice significantly decreased by 68.8%~86.7%. The mineral elements K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn in different organs also increased or decreased in different degrees. Element transfer factors between different adjacent organs showed that GSH application increased the transfer factors of Cd and Zn from second internodes to panicle nodes by 46.2% and 134.4%, respectively; while decreased those from flag leaves to panicle nodes by 44.5% and 32.2%, respectively. However, Cd transfer factor from panicle nodes to panicle neck decreased by 31.4%. Correlation analysis showed that among the mineral elements detected, Zn concentration had the highest correlation coefficient(0.809, P<0.001)with Cd concentration in rice vegetative organs. Therefore, foliar application of GSH not only inhibited Cd accumulation in rice organs but also improved the Cd interception ability of panicle nodes, the main Cd blocking organ of rice, by regulating the Cd transport between the panicle nodes and its adjacent vegetative organs, including panicle necks, flag leaves, and second internodes. In addition, GSH application improved the Zn fixation ability of panicle nodes and affected the concentration and distribution of mineral elements in rice organs. Among the mineral elements detected, Zn had the highest correlation with Cd. |
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