| 程泰鸿,吴吉,梁涛,谭庆军,戴安勇,陈新平,王孝忠.重庆市露地蔬菜生产施肥现状与活性氮损失及温室气体排放估算[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(6):1380-1390. |
| 重庆市露地蔬菜生产施肥现状与活性氮损失及温室气体排放估算 |
| Assessment of fertilizer application and environmental cost from typical open-field vegetable production in Chongqing City, China |
| 投稿时间：2021-09-13 修订日期：2022-02-07 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-1057 |
| 中文关键词: 蔬菜种类 肥料用量 活性氮损失 温室气体排放 节肥减排潜力 |
| 英文关键词: vegetable species fertilizer application rate reactive nitrogen losses greenhouse gas emission mitigation potential |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(U20A2047);西南大学-重庆市铜梁区人民政府合作项目;西南大学博士启动基金项目(SWU118077) |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 程泰鸿 | 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716 | | | 吴吉 | 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716
西南大学长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心, 重庆 400716 | | | 梁涛 | 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716
重庆市农业科学院, 重庆 401329 | | | 谭庆军 | 西南大学长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心, 重庆 400716 | | | 戴安勇 | 重庆市铜梁区农业农村委员会, 重庆 401120 | | | 陈新平 | 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716
西南大学长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心, 重庆 400716 | | | 王孝忠 | 西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716
西南大学长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心, 重庆 400716 | wxz20181707@swu.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 集约化蔬菜系统是当前全球高投入和高环境代价热点系统，降低不同区域蔬菜生产环境代价是实现蔬菜绿色生产的关键。本研究以重庆市铜梁典型露地蔬菜为研究对象，采用农户问卷调查方法，并结合生命周期评价（Life cycle assessment，LCA）方法，系统评价该地区露地蔬菜生产的施肥现状与环境代价（活性氮损失和温室气体排放），并比较蔬菜种类间差异。最后，基于推荐施肥量估算其节肥减排潜力并明确节肥减排措施。结果表明：重庆市铜梁区蔬菜生产系统肥料用量高，当季氮、磷、钾平均用量分别为483、321 kg·hm-2和369 kg·hm-2，普遍超过作物自身养分需求，且重基肥、轻追肥。高肥料投入导致该地区蔬菜生产系统环境代价高，平均活性氮损失和温室气体排放分别为141 kg·hm-（ 2以N计）和6 352 kg CO2e·hm-2，氮肥投入贡献了86.6%~92.9%的温室气体排放。不同蔬菜种类间肥料投入量和环境代价差异大，其中，茄果类蔬菜的肥料投入和环境代价最高。不同蔬菜类型节肥减排潜力大。单位面积上，与推荐施肥量相比，该地区蔬菜生产系统氮、磷、钾肥的节肥潜力分别为48%、55%和39%，降低活性氮损失和温室气体排放的潜力分别为46%和48%。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Globally, intensive vegetable production is a system with high inputs and high environmental costs. Reducing the environmental cost of vegetable production across different regions is key to achieving sustainable production of vegetables. This study used a combination of farmer questionnaires and a life cycle assessment(LCA)method to assess the current status of fertilizer application in and environmental cost[including reactive nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions] from typical open-field vegetable production in Chongqing City, China. Additionally, the differences of fertilizer application and environmental costs among various vegetable crops were compared. Finally, based on the recommended fertilizer rate, we estimated the reduction potential of fertilizer use and environmental cost, and identified mitigation measures. The results revealed that the fertilizer application rates for vegetable production in the Tongliang District, Chongqing, were high. The average application rates of N, phosphorus(P2O5), and potassium(K2O)were 483, 321 kg · hm-2, and 369 kg · hm-2, respectively, which generally exceeded the crop demand for nutrients. The ratio of basal fertilizer was too high, and the ratio of top dressing was low. High fertilizer input has resulted in high environmental costs for the vegetable production system in this region. The average reactive N loss and GHG emissions were 141 kg·hm-2 and 6 352 kg CO2e·hm-2, respectively. The high application of nitrogen fertilizer contributed 86.6%~92.9% to reactive N losses and GHG emissions. High variation in fertilizer rate, reactive N losses, and GHG was observed among different vegetable crops, and where solanaceous vegetables showed relatively higher reactive N loss and higher contribution to GHG emissions than other vegetable species. These results suggest there is high mitigation potential for fertilizer rates and environmental costs in this region. Optimizing the fertilizer rate could reduce the application of N, P2O5, and K2O fertilizers by 48%, 55%, and 39%, respectively, and reduce reactive N losses and greenhouse gas emissions by 46% and 48%, respectively. Therefore, optimizing the fertilizer rate, especially the application of N fertilizer, is vital to reduce environmental costs and to realize sustainable vegetable production. |
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