紫色土坡耕地农桑系统对土壤磷素流失的影响

杨红宾; 王胜; 殷溶; 雷平; 陈方鑫; 倪九派; 谢德体

文章摘要

杨红宾,王胜,殷溶,雷平,陈方鑫,倪九派,谢德体.紫色土坡耕地农桑系统对土壤磷素流失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(6):1316-1326.

紫色土坡耕地农桑系统对土壤磷素流失的影响

Effects of crop-mulberry system on phosphorus loss in sloping cropland with purple soil

投稿时间：2021-09-23 修订日期：2022-01-29

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-1090

中文关键词: 三峡库区紫色土农业面源污染桑树径流磷

英文关键词: Three Gorges Reservoir area purple soil agricultural non-point source pollution mulberry runoff phosphorus

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(42107321);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(SWU119038)

作者	单位	E-mail
杨红宾	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716 三峡库区水环境监测与模拟国际科技合作基地, 重庆 400716
王胜	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716 三峡库区水环境监测与模拟国际科技合作基地, 重庆 400716	shengwang@swu.edu.cn
殷溶	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716 三峡库区水环境监测与模拟国际科技合作基地, 重庆 400716
雷平	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716 三峡库区水环境监测与模拟国际科技合作基地, 重庆 400716
陈方鑫	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716 三峡库区水环境监测与模拟国际科技合作基地, 重庆 400716
倪九派	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716 三峡库区水环境监测与模拟国际科技合作基地, 重庆 400716
谢德体	西南大学资源环境学院, 重庆 400716 三峡库区水环境监测与模拟国际科技合作基地, 重庆 400716	xdt@swu.edu.cn

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中文摘要:

为明确桑树篱配置对三峡库区紫色土坡耕地-桑树复合系统（农桑系统）地上、地下径流与磷素流失的影响，优化农桑系统配置、减少磷素流失，本研究建立野外15°径流小区（长9 m×宽3 m），设置等高种植的一带桑（T₁）、两带桑（T₂）、三带桑（T₃）与无桑树篱（CK） 4种处理，连续监测2020年9月至2021年8月径流小区地表径流（地上）、壤中流（地下）及磷素流失形态与数量。结果表明：三带桑、两带桑和一带桑处理下，地上与地下总径流量相比无桑树篱处理（286.6 mm）分别显著减少62%、33%和21%；壤中流总量相比无桑树篱处理（226.3 mm）分别显著降低69%、37%与26%，4种处理壤中流占径流总量比例为63%~79%。三带桑和两带桑地表径流相比无桑树篱处理分别显著减少33%与18%，一带桑与无桑树篱处理无显著差异。三带桑通过地上与地下径流损失的磷素总量相比无桑树篱处理（0.9 kg·hm^-2）显著减少61%，一带桑和两带桑与无桑树篱处理无显著差异；三带桑和两带桑通过壤中流损失的磷素相比无桑树篱处理（0.5 kg·hm^-2）分别显著减少78%和34%，4种处理经壤中流造成的磷素损失量占磷素损失总量的44%~69%；相比无桑树篱处理（0.4 kg·hm^-2），三带桑随地表径流损失的磷素显著减少40%，但一带桑和两带桑处理磷素损失量却分别增加21%和25%。从不同磷素流失形态来看，可溶性磷占比40%~53%，颗粒态磷占比47%~60%，不同处理可溶性磷与颗粒态磷量差异不显著。各桑树篱处理对榨菜经济产量均无显著影响；除一带桑处理外，两带桑与三带桑处理春玉米经济产量分别显著降低10%和13%。研究表明，壤中流是紫色土坡耕地径流的主要损失途径，坡耕地土壤磷素主要通过地表径流以颗粒态磷的形式流失。三带桑防治磷素流失效果非常突出且不影响榨菜经济产量，但小幅度降低了玉米经济产量。

英文摘要:

To clarify the impact of mulberry hedgerow configurations on aboveground and underground runoff and phosphorus losses from the sloping farmland-mulberry compound system(crop-mulberry system)with purple soil in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, optimize the crop-mulberry system configuration, and reduce phosphorus losses, a set of 15°-runoff plots(9 m×3 m)were established in the opening field. Four treatments were set up:one-belt mulberry(T₁), two-belt mulberry(T₂), three-belt mulberry(T₃), and non-mulberry hedges (CK). The yield of surface runoff, interflow, and phosphorus loss forms and magnitudes in the runoff plot and field meteorological conditions were continuously monitored. The results demonstrated that:the total yield of surface runoff and interflow in the T₃, T₂, and T₁ treatments were significantly reduced by 62%, 33%, and 21%, respectively, compared with CK(286.6 mm). Accordingly, the yield of interflow was significantly reduced by 69%, 37%, and 26%, respectively, compared with CK(226.3 mm). The interflow yield proportions of the four treatments to the total runoff yield ranged from 63%~79%. The surface runoff yields of T₃ and T₂ were significantly reduced by 33% and 18%, respectively, but there was no significant difference between T₁ and CK. The total amount of phosphorus loss through the interflow and surface runoff in T₃ was significantly reduced by 61% compared with CK(0.9 kg·hm^-2), but there was no significant difference among T₁, T₂, and CK. The amount of phosphorus loss through the interflow in T₃ and T₂ was significantly reduced by 78% and 34%, respectively, compared with CK(0.5 kg·hm^-2). The amount of phosphorus loss through the interflow of the four treatments accounted for 44%~69% of the total amount of phosphorus loss, and the amount of phosphorus loss through surface runoff in T₃ was significantly reduced by 40% compared with CK(0.4 kg·hm^-2), but the amount of phosphorus loss in T₁ and T₂ increased by 21% and 25%, respectively. Soluble phosphorus accounted for 40%~53% of the total amount of phosphorus loss, and particulate phosphorus only accounted for 47%~60%. The difference between soluble phosphorus and particulate phosphorus among the four treatments was not significant at P<0.05. The mulberry hedge treatments had no significant effect on the economic yield of mustard tuber, but T₂ and T₃ had a significant reduction in the economic yield of spring maize by 10% and 13%, respectively. The interflow was the main flow pattern on the slope farmland in purple soil, but the soil phosphorus was primarily lost by particulate phosphorus form through surface runoff. Three-belt mulberry had an attractive effect in preventing phosphorus loss and did not significantly affect the economic yield of mustard tuber, but it slightly reduced the economic yield of maize.

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