基于田块尺度的农田土壤重金属污染评价及来源解析

穆德苗; 陈艳秋; 胡涛; 林大松; 杨正兰; 孙约兵

文章摘要

穆德苗,陈艳秋,胡涛,林大松,杨正兰,孙约兵.基于田块尺度的农田土壤重金属污染评价及来源解析[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(6):1271-1283.

基于田块尺度的农田土壤重金属污染评价及来源解析

Assessment and source analysis of heavy metals pollution in farmland soil at the field scal

投稿时间：2021-08-30 修订日期：2021-12-03

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-0984

中文关键词: 重金属污染评价空间分布赋存形态 APCS受体模型

英文关键词: heavy metal pollution evaluation spatial distribution speciation absolute principal component score receptor model

基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800300);国家自然科学基金项目(31971525)

作者	单位	E-mail
穆德苗	东北农业大学资源与环境学院, 哈尔滨 150030 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室/天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室, 天津 300191
陈艳秋	云南省安宁市植保植检站, 云南安宁 650300
胡涛	云南省安宁市植保植检站, 云南安宁 650300
林大松	农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室/天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室, 天津 300191
杨正兰	云南省安宁市植保植检站, 云南安宁 650300
孙约兵	农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室/天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室, 天津 300191	sunyuebing@aepi.org.cn

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中文摘要:

基于田块尺度采集农田表层土壤样品120件，采用绝对因子分析/多元线性回归（APCS-MLR）受体模型与地统计学分析对研究区域内As、Cd、Cu、Cr、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn这8种重金属污染空间分布特征及来源进行解析，利用地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数法评价土壤生态风险。研究结果表明：研究区表层土壤中8种重金属含量差异较大，As、Cd和Cr点位超标率分别为61.83%、90.83%和92.52%，土壤重金属Zn、Cu、Cr和Ni主要以残渣态存在（占比在80%以上）。土壤中Cd、Cr和Cu含量空间分布格局呈东南部较高、中部次之、西北部较低的趋势，而Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn含量的空间分布格局与此相反。APCS-MLR模型表明研究区域土壤重金属As、Cr、Cu和Ni的来源以自然源为主，占比分别为39.34%、47.32%、44.53%和50.23%； Pb、Zn的来源以工业活动源和交通源为主，占比分别为31.93%、30.53%和23.36%、22.17%； Cd的农业活动源占比为53.63%。土壤pH与有效态As、Cd、Cu和Ni含量呈极显著负相关性（P<0.01），土壤有机质与有效态As、Cd和Cr呈极显著负相关性（P<0.01）。地累积指数显示土壤Cr总体处于中、重度污染水平，其次是Cd；生态危害指数也表明Cr和Cd是主要生态危害元素，潜在生态危害系数变化范围分别为5.20~41.12和11.56~113.35。总体来看，研究区域Cr和Cd污染较为严重，存在潜在风险，应采取安全利用和修复等措施，降低其风险水平。

英文摘要:

A total of 120 surface soil samples were collected in various farmlands at the field scale. Next, absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression(APCS-MLR)and geostatistical analysis were adopted to analyze the spatial distribution and sources of eight contaminating heavy metals(As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn)in the studied area; furthermore, the geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index of each heavy metal were calculated to carry out ecological risk assessment. The results showed that the contents of these eight heavy metals in surface soils differed significantly; in particular, the over-limit ratios of the location points of As, Cd, and Cr were 61.83%, 90.83%, and 92.52%, respectively, whereas the heavy metals Zn, Cu, Cr, and Ni mainly existed in the soil in the form of residues, which accounted for more than 80% of the total Zn, Cu, Cr, and Ni contents. The spatial distributions of Cd, Cr, and Cu contents exhibited the following pattern:high concentrations in the southeastern part, intermediate concentrations in the central part, and low concentrations in the northwestern part. Conversely, the spatial distributions of Pb and Zn contents followed the opposite pattern. APCS-MLR modeling revealed that, on the one hand, the heavy metals As, Cr, Cu, and Ni in the study area mainly derived from natural sources, which accounted for 39.34%, 47.32%, 44.53%, and 50.23% of the heavy metal contents derived from all sources, respectively; on the other hand, Pb and Zn mainly derived from industrial activities(accounting for 31.93% and 30.53% of total contents, respectively)and traffic(accounting for 23.36% and 22.17% of total contents, respectively); finally, Cd from agricultural activities accounted for 53.63% of the total Cd content. Soil pH was negatively correlated to the available contents of As, Cd, Cu, and Ni(P<0.01). Analysis of geoaccumulation indices showed that Cr pollution in the soil presented middle and severe levels, followed by Cd pollution; moreover, analysis of ecological hazard indices pointed at Cr and Cd as the main ecologically hazardous elements, with single potential ecological hazard index values ranging from 5.20 to 41.12, and from 11.56 to 113.35, respectively. Altogether, our results reveal relatively serious levels of Cr and Cd pollution in the study area, which entail potential risks; therefore, safe use practices, remediation approaches, and other measures should be adopted to lower the risk level.

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