| 倪远之,徐昶,沈根祥.长三角地区典型季节规模化奶牛场氨排放特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(5):1141-1154. |
| 长三角地区典型季节规模化奶牛场氨排放特征研究 |
| Monitoring of ammonia emissions from an intensive dairy farm in the Yangtze River Delta during typical seasons |
| 投稿时间：2021-09-03 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-1014 |
| 中文关键词: 氨排放 氨排放系数 排放环节 排放清单 影响因子 规模化奶牛 在线监测 |
| 英文关键词: ammonia emission emission factor production stage emission inventory influencing factor intensive dairy farm online monitoring |
| 基金项目:上海市科技兴农项目（沪农科创字（2019）第3-1号）；国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC0213303）；上海市生态环境局科研项目[沪环科（2021-09）]；上海市科技创新行动计划项目（19DZ1205008） |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 1471 |
| 全文下载次数: 1660 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为掌握长三角地区规模化奶牛场氨排放特征，通过在线高分辨率监测系统对典型规模化奶牛场的棚舍养殖、粪便堆肥和污水贮存环节进行连续监测，获取不同环节、不同季节的氨排放信息，并计算得到本地化氨排放系数及排放强度。结果表明：规模化奶牛场棚舍养殖、粪便堆肥和污水贮存3个环节的年均氨排放浓度分别为（2.53±0.88）、（2.68±1.72）mg·m-3和（2.44±1.73）mg·m-3，氨浓度季节变化趋势总体表现为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季，夏季为冬季的2.3~4.2倍。不同环节氨排放小时变化存在明显差异，主要受日气象因子变化、畜禽活动和清粪管理等因素影响。温度是影响奶牛养殖氨排放水平的主要气象因素，与棚舍养殖、粪便堆肥和污水贮存3个环节的氨浓度水平均呈极显著正相关关系，相关系数分别达到0.914、0.817和0.942，而风速和大气压强则与各环节氨排放浓度呈负相关关系。基于在线监测获得了奶牛养殖氨排放本地化系数，棚舍养殖、粪便堆肥和污水贮存3个环节的年均氨排放系数分别为（13.14±5.17）、（7.71±5.17）kg·头-1·a-1和（9.72±4.47）kg·头-1·a-1，全年合计氨排放系数为30.57 kg·头-1·a-1。采用本地实测氨排放系数，建立了长三角地区规模化牛场氨排放清单，2018年长三角地区规模化牛场氨排放总量为3.39万t，氨排放主要集中在安徽省中北部和江苏省北部等集约化畜禽养殖规模较大的地区，夏季氨排放总量和强度最高，达到了1.36万t和151 t·d-1，是冬季的3倍多。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To accurately evaluate the quantity and characteristics of ammonia emissions from the dairy and beef production farm in the Yangtze River Delta（Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai）, and obtain localized ammonia emission factors for large-scale cattle farms, this study established an in-site ammonia monitoring system with high-resolution online sensors in a typical dairy farm in Jinshan district, Shanghai. Yearly monitoring of indoor ammonia concentration was carried out across three key production stages（i.e., shed breeding, feces composting, and sewage storage）. Results showed that the average atmospheric NH3 concentrations in breeding shed, composting shed, and sewage storage tank per year were（2.53±0.88）,（2.68±1.72）mg·m-3, and（2.44±1.73）mg·m-3, respectively. Generally, atmospheric NH3 concentrations exhibited a seasonal trend in this order：summer>autumn>spring>winter. The diurnal variation in ammonia emissions at each production stage differed significantly and was mainly affected by meteorological changes, livestock activities, and manure management. Overall, temperature was the main meteorological factor that determined the ammonia emission level of dairy production. It exhibited a significantly positive correlation with indoor ammonia concentration levels in all the monitored sheds. The correlation coefficients reached 0.914, 0.817, and 0.942 for the animal sheds, composting sheds, and sewage storage tanks, respectively. In contrast, wind speed and atmospheric pressure showed negative correlations with the overall ammonia emission level. The monitored annual ammonia emission for all stages was 30.57 kg·head-1·a-1 in total, of which shed breeding, fecal composting, and sewage storage accounted for 43.0%（3.14 ±5.17 kg · head-1 · a-1）, 25.2%（7.71 ±5.17 kg · head-1 · a-1）, and 31.8%（9.72 ±4.47 kg · head-1 · a-1）, respectively. We established an ammonia emission inventory for large-scale cattle farms in the Yangtze River Delta based on the ammonia emission factors measured in this study. In 2018, the total ammonia emissions released by large-scale dairy and beef farm in the Yangtze River Delta was 3.39×104 t·a-1 and geographically concentrated in areas with large-scale intensive livestock production industry, including central and northern Anhui Province and northern Jiangsu Province. During summer, the total ammonia emission and intensity were higher than all the other monitored seasons, reaching 1.36×104 t and 151 t·d-1, which were approximately more than three times that of the winter. |
| HTML
查看全文
查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
|
|
|
