| 陆晓林,杨玉欣,洪春来,朱为静,朱凤香,姚燕来,洪磊东,王卫平.猪粪辅料促进茄果类蔬菜废弃物堆肥品质的微生物机理[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(5):1097-1107. |
| 猪粪辅料促进茄果类蔬菜废弃物堆肥品质的微生物机理 |
| Pig manure amendment improves the quality of products during composting of solanaceous vegetable waste： Insights into the microbial mechanism |
| 投稿时间：2021-07-22 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-0834 |
| 中文关键词: 茄果类蔬菜废弃物 好氧堆肥 微生物群落 代谢功能 |
| 英文关键词: solanaceous vegetable waste aerobic composting microbial community metabolic function |
| 基金项目:财政部和农业农村部：国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系岗位专家项目（CARS-23-B12） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 研究猪粪对茄果类蔬菜废弃物堆肥过程中微生物群落结构及代谢功能特性的影响，为动物粪便添加促进堆肥品质提供新的视角。以茄果类蔬菜废弃物为堆肥原料，设添加猪粪（E-PM）和未添加猪粪（对照，E）两个处理，采用室内好氧堆肥进行45 d的堆肥试验。在堆肥的第0、2、9、16、23、31、38、45天采集样品，监测堆肥理化指标、发芽指数（GI）和酶活性，并在堆肥第2、23、38天采集新鲜样品，通过16S rRNA和18S rRNA高通量测序技术研究堆肥微生物群落结构及代谢特性。结果表明：添加猪粪可提高茄果类蔬菜废弃物堆肥早期Proteobacteria（变形菌门）和Chloroflexi （绿湾菌门）相对丰度，促进堆肥升温，延长嗜热期，并显著增加GI至82.11%（P<0.05）。相较于E处理，E-PM处理显著提高了堆体全磷和全钾含量（P<0.05）。酶活性分析表明，E-PM处理下嗜热期的蛋白酶活性、多酚氧化酶活性、纤维素酶活性和有机质的降解率被显著促进（P<0.05）。高通量测序和PICRUSt预测发现，E-PM处理下与代谢和细胞进程相关的基因丰度在嗜热期较E处理分别提高5.68%和10.26%，与碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢、能量代谢和有机物质降解相关功能酶有关的基因序列丰度也明显提高。此外，相关性分析表明，E-PM处理下高丰度的Proteobacteria和Chloroflexi主导了堆体早期的细菌群落代谢活性，并促进堆体快速腐熟。研究表明添加猪粪有利于提高嗜热期细菌群落的代谢活性，对堆体温度的上升和产品品质的提高具有显著的促进作用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The structure and metabolic functions of the microbial community during solanaceous vegetable waste composting with the addition of pig manure were studied. This study aimed to provide new insights into the mechanism of nutritional quality improvement through the use of animal manure as amendment during composting. Solanaceous vegetable waste was mixed well with the tested straw compost. An aerobic composting experiment was conducted indoors for 45 days. Test composting piles were treated with pig manure（EPM）, while untreated piles served as control（E）. Compost samples were collected, and their physicochemical parameters, germination indices, and enzymatic activities were monitored at days 0, 2, 9, 16, 23, 31, 38, and 45 of the composting process. Moreover, fresh compost samples were collected on the 2nd, 23rd, and 38th day after the start of composting, and the structure and metabolic functions of the microbial community were analyzed by 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The addition of pig manure resulted in a relatively higher abundance of Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi in the early stage, an increased pile temperature, a longer duration of the thermophilic stage, and a higher germination index（82.11%, P<0.05）. Compared to the E treatment, E-PM treatment significantly enhanced total phosphorus and total potassium contents in the piles（P<0.05）. The analysis of enzymatic activity demonstrated that E-PM treatment significantly promoted（P<0.05）the activity of proteases, polyphenol oxidases, and cellulases, as well as the degradation of organic matter, during the thermophilic stage. Moreover, high-throughput sequencing and Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States revealed that, compared to that of E-treated piles, the abundance of bacterial genes related to metabolism and cellular processes of E-PM-treated piles increased by 5.68% and 10.26%, respectively, during the thermophilic stage. The abundance of genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, and enzymatic activity related to organic matter degradation also increased greatly with pig manure addition. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that the higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi influenced the metabolic characteristics of the thermophilic compost under E-PM treatment, which accelerated the maturation of the compost product. Altogether, our results indicate that the addition of pig manure led to increased metabolic functions of the bacterial community in the thermophilic stage, significantly accelerated the rise of pile temperature, and improved the quality of end products |
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