| 杨振宇,罗功文,赵杭,胡旺,王艺哲,张含丰,张玉平.种植方式对稻田氨挥发及氮磷流失风险的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(7):1529-1537. |
| 种植方式对稻田氨挥发及氮磷流失风险的影响 |
| Effects of planting patterns on ammonia volatilization and nitrogen and phosphorus loss in paddy fields |
| 投稿时间：2020-12-23 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-1481 |
| 中文关键词: 水稻 机插一次性深施肥 氨挥发 氮磷流失 |
| 英文关键词: rice one-time deep fertilization by machine transplantation ammonia volatilization nitrogen and phosphorus loss |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0800500）；湖南省重点领域研究发展计划项目（2019NK2021） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 杨振宇 | 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室, 植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙 410128 | | | 罗功文 | 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室, 植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙 410128 | | | 赵杭 | 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室, 植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙 410128 | | | 胡旺 | 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室, 植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙 410128 | | | 王艺哲 | 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室, 植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙 410128 | | | 张含丰 | 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室, 植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙 410128 | | | 张玉平 | 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室, 植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室, 土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 长沙 410128 | zhyp2003@126.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 研究洞庭湖双季稻区不同种植方式下，稻田氨挥发量变化、田面水氮磷浓度动态特征以及不同土壤深度养分含量差异，可为水稻机械化精准施肥，防控面源污染提供理论依据。研究采用田间试验方法，设置农民习惯+直播（T1）、控释尿素减氮10%+直播（T2）和机插一次性施肥减氮10%（T3） 3个处理，原位监测早稻基肥期稻田氨挥发，取样监测施肥后田面水总氮、总磷及不同形态氮磷浓度，收获期计产，并取0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤测定其基本理化性状。结果表明，与T1相比，T3和T2田面水NH4+-N平均浓度分别降低46.04%和27.03%，氨挥发量分别降低18.62%和15.61%；田面水总氮平均浓度分别降低53.55%和22.96%，总磷浓度分别降低30.23%和11.63%；T3和T2均可显著增加稻田0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤中有机碳含量，提高全氮、全磷、碱解氮和有效磷含量，水稻产量分别增加6.63%和5.98%。与T1相比，T3和T2两种施肥种植方式均能显著降低稻田氨挥发以及稻田田面水总氮、总磷浓度，能有效增加0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、碱解氮和速效磷含量。在3种种植方式中，T3在降低农田氮、磷流失风险、维持土壤肥力、促进水稻增产方面效果更显著。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of different planting patterns on ammonia volatilization of rice fields, dynamic change in N and P concentrations of field water, and the nutrient content at different soil depths. This study aimes to provide a theoretical basis for the technical application and promotion of precision mechanized one-time fertilization and non-point source pollution prevention in the Dongting Lake double-cropping rice area. Three treatments, including farmer habit + direct seeding（T1）, controlled-release urea to reduce N by 10% + direct seeding（T2）, and machine transplanting one-time fertilization to reduce N by 10%（T3）were studied based on the field test method. The experiment monitored the ammonia volatilizes of the base fertilizer period and detected the content of different N and P forms in the field surface water after fertilization. Additionally, soil physicochemical properties at depths of 0~ 20 cm and 20~40 cm were measured and the total yield was analyzed. The NH4+-N concentration, ammonia volatilization amount, and total N and total P content of field water in the T3 treatment were decreased by 46.04%, 18.62%, 53.55%, and 30.23%, respectively, compared to the T1 treatment. These variables in the T2 treatment were decreased by 27.03%, 15.61%, 22.96%, and 11.63%, respectively, compared to the T1 treatment. The T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased the content of organic carbon, total N, total P, alkali hydrolyzable N, and available P in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soils compared to the T1 treatment and increased rice yield by 6.63% and 5.98%, respectively. The two management practices（T2 and T3）effectively decreased the ammonia volatilization in rice fields, and total N and total P content of rice field water, and increased the content of organic carbon, soil total N, total P, alkali hydrolyzable N, and available P in the 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soils compared to the T1 treatment. The advantages of the T3 treatment for reducing N are prominent, shown by its better ability to reduce N and P losses and improve soil fertility and productivity. |
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