| 徐丽萍,巨昇容,王远,刘之广,闵炬,施卫明.江苏设施菜地控释氮肥一次性基施增效减排效果研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(5):1106-1114. |
| 江苏设施菜地控释氮肥一次性基施增效减排效果研究 |
| Efficiency and emission reduction of a one-time basal application of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer in intensive vegetable production in Jiangsu Province, China |
| 投稿时间：2020-10-21 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-1211 |
| 中文关键词: 蔬菜 氨挥发 硝酸盐残留 经济效益 环境效应 |
| 英文关键词: vegetables ammonia volatilization nitrate residue economic profit environmental effect |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0801102）；江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目（CX（18）1005） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 江苏设施蔬菜集约化程度高，劳动力需求大，氮肥用量大，面源污染问题突出。控释氮肥在该地区集约化蔬菜上应用后的减量、增效和减排潜力尚缺乏研究。本研究通过连续三季田间试验，设置4个施肥处理：常规施尿素氮100% N（N1）、常规施尿素氮70% N（N2）、基肥一次性施氮70% N（N3，控释氮与尿素氮的比例为7∶3）、基肥和一次追肥70% N（N4，基肥氮为控释氮，追肥氮全部为尿素氮，控释氮与尿素氮的比例为7∶3），研究其对集约化花椰菜和番茄产量、环境效应和经济效益的影响。结果表明：与N1、N2和N4相比，N3处理的产量和利润每季均为最高，花椰菜和番茄平均产量分别达到86.4 t·hm-2和87.0 t·hm-2，利润分别达到12.0万元·hm-2和12.2万元·hm-2，氨挥发量最低,仅为4.4 kg N·hm-2和9.3 kg N·hm-2，三季蔬菜种植后土壤中硝态氮的残留量最低。与N1处理相比，N3处理可使花椰菜和番茄分别平均增产3.7%和21.3%，分别增收10.7%和40.3%，并分别平均减少64.0%和46.9%氨挥发。基于此，在江苏设施蔬菜种植上，与常规（N1）相比，控释氮肥与尿素7∶3混合一次性基施，可减氮30%且增效减排效果显著，值得在生产上推广应用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In Jiangsu Province, there is a high degree of intensive vegetable production, a great demand for labor, a large amount of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application, and non-point source pollution. The potential of increasing the efficiency and reducing the investment and emission of controlled-release N fertilizer applied to intensive vegetables in the Yangtze River delta region still lacks research. In this study, four fertilization treatments were applied through three consecutive seasons of field experiments:conventional fertilization, 100% N (N1); conventional N fertilization reduced by 30%, i.e., 70% N(N2); based on the 30% N reduction(i.e., 70% N), a one-time application of controlled-release N fertilizer and urea N at a ratio of 7:3 (N3); and 70% N, with controlled-release N fertilizer applied basally and urea N applied topically at a ratio of 7:3 (N4). The results showed that the N3 treatment had the highest yield and profit compared with the other treatments, with the average yield of cauliflower and tomato reaching 86.4 t·hm-2 and 87.0 t·hm-2, respectively, and the profit reaching 120 000 yuan·hm-2 and 122 000 yuan·hm-2. This treatment also had the lowest ammonia volatilization emission(4.4 kg N·hm-2 and 9.3 kg N·hm-2) and the lowest nitrate-N residue in the soil after three seasons of vegetable cultivation. Compared with the N1 treatment, the yield of cauliflower and tomato in the N3 treatment increased by 3.7% and 21.3%, respectively, the profit increased by 10.7% and 40.3%, respectively, and the ammonia volatilization emission was reduced by 64.0% and 46.9%, respectively. Based on this, compared with the conventional fertilization(N1) treatment, the controlled release of N fertilizer and urea at a 7:3 ratio with a one-time base application(the N3 treatment) can reduce the N application by 30% and significantly increase the efficiency and reduces N emissions; this application method is worthy of promotion in intensive vegetable production in Jiangsu Province. |
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