| 彭亚茹,吴维隆,郭智强,刘俊汐,齐伟栋,张增强,李荣华.磷强化米饭残渣生物炭对土壤中Cd的稳定化[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(2):338-346. |
| 磷强化米饭残渣生物炭对土壤中Cd的稳定化 |
| Potential of phosphorus enhanced cooked rice waste biochar on Cd stabilization in soil |
| 投稿时间：2020-08-28 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-1006 |
| 中文关键词: 磷 米饭残渣 生物炭 土壤 Cd 稳定化 |
| 英文关键词: phosphorus cooked rice waste biochar soil Cd stabilization |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0801101）；西北农林科技大学2020年大学生科创计划国家级项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨磷强化生物炭材料的环境应用，将餐厨米饭残渣掺杂磷酸二氢钙后在600℃下进行缺氧热解制成磷强化餐厨米饭残渣生物炭（EFB），同时制备未强化生物炭（FB），并对其进行表征；此后，将两种生物炭分别按0（对照CK）、1%和3%的比例施于Cd污染土壤（总Cd含量14.47 mg·kg-1）中，进行30 d的培养试验和30 d的小芥菜盆栽试验，以探究FB和EFB对污染土壤中Cd稳定化的影响。结果表明：相比于FB，EFB具有较高含量的磷和较多的焦磷酸钙、三斜磷钙石和羟基磷灰石等磷酸盐矿物，且这些磷酸盐矿物能通过表面沉淀的方式降低Cd的迁移能力。相比于CK，添加FB和EFB能提升土壤pH和电导率，降低土壤有效态Cd含量，促使Cd从弱酸提取态和可交换态向可氧化态和残渣态转化，促进土壤磷素供给和小芥菜生长，并以3% EFB处理效果最为显著。盆栽实验中，与CK处理相比，1% FB、3% FB、1% EFB和3% EFB处理使小芥菜茎叶干质量分别提高了44.28%、136.53%、91.88%和189.67%，小芥菜茎叶部位的Cd含量分别降低了38.17%、81.74%、74.59%和91.08%。研究表明，将餐厨米饭残渣制备为生物炭材料FB和EFB，均可促进污染土壤Cd的稳定化，且EFB的应用效果更为显著。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to evaluate the potential environmental application of phosphorus enhanced biochar, a mixture of cooked rice waste and Ca(H2PO4)2 was thermally treated under oxygen limited condition at 600℃ to obtain phosphorus enhanced rice food waste biochar(EFB). Pristine cooked rice food waste biochar(FB)was also prepared and subsequently characterized. Then, to investigate the potential of FB and EFB biochars on Cd stabilization in soil, the obtained biochars were added to highly contaminated soil with total Cd content of 14.47 mg·kg-1 at biochar application levels of 0(CK), 1%, and 3% in weight ratio, for 30 days of incubation with mustard(Brassica juncea L.) planting experiments. The results showed that, compared with FB, the prepared carbonaceous EFB has a porous structure, with high content of phosphorus and more phosphate minerals including Ca2P2O7, CaHPO4, and Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. Furthermore, the newly formed phosphate minerals in biochar could stabilize the Cd in the environment through surface deposition. The soil incubation experiment results showed that, compared with CK, the addition of FB and EFB improved the soil pH and electrical conductivity, reduced the content of bioavailable Cd in the soil, and facilitated transformation of Cd in fractions in weak acid extractable and exchangeable forms to relatively stable fractions of oxidizable and residual forms. It also promoted the supply of phosphorus nutrients in the soil and accelerated the growth of mustard. After 30 days of planting experiments, compared to CK, the dry mass of stem and leaf of mustard in treatments of 1%FB, 3%FB, 1%EFB, and 3%EFB increased by 44.28%, 136.53%, 91.88%, and 189.67%, respectively; while the content Cd in stem and leaves of mustard in treatments of 1%FB, 3%FB, 1%EFB, and 3%EFB decreased by 38.17%, 81.74%, 74.59%, and 91.08%, respectively. This investigation indicated that the addition of EB and EFB biochars in soil could promote Cd stabilization, and that EFB has more significant effects than FB in environmental application practice. |
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