| 韦晓雪,李晓琳,郑毅.基于输出系数模型的1998—2016年洱海流域磷素时空变化特征分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(1):171-181. |
| 基于输出系数模型的1998—2016年洱海流域磷素时空变化特征分析 |
| Analysis of temporal and spatial variation characteristics of phosphorus in Erhai Lake basin from 1998 to 2016 based on export coefficient model |
| 投稿时间：2019-04-10 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2019-0389 |
| 中文关键词: 洱海流域 点源污染 面源污染 输出系数模型 子流域 |
| 英文关键词: Erhai Lake basin point source pollution nonpoint source pollution export coefficient model sub-basin |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0200200/007）；国家自然科学基金项目（31460551）；云南省应用基础研究计划青年项目（2017FD104）；云南省高校优势特色重点学科（生态学）建设项目（0511311） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为分析1998—2016年洱海流域磷素时空变化特征，本研究通过输出系数模型计算1998、2005、2010、2016年洱海磷污染负荷，以细化磷污染来源。结果表明：1998—2016年，洱海总磷污染负荷总体呈上升趋势，具体表现为流域内点源污染增加、面源污染减少，但面源污染仍是主要污染源。其中，1998年洱海流域总磷污染负荷为390.273 t，2005年为402.150 t，2010年为398.879 t，2016年达到最高值429.451 t。农业面源、畜禽养殖粪便和城镇居民生活污水是洱海流域三大污染来源，其产生平均负荷分别占总磷污染负荷的48%、18%、15%。洱源县总磷污染负荷达205.608 t，大于大理市污染负荷。洱海子流域总磷单位面积负荷集中于86.027~540.519 kg·km-2·a-1，其中子流域1~14变化明显。今后流域治理过程中可通过提高污水处理效率、实现畜禽粪便科学还田、合理施用化肥等方式，减少磷素向水体中的排放量，从而实现流域内磷素的合理循环。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to analyze the temporal and spatial variations of phosphorus in Erhai Lake basin from 1998 to 2016, the phosphorus pollution load in Erhai Lake in 1998, 2005, 2010, and 2016 was calculated by output coefficient model. The results show that from 1998 to 2016, the total phosphorus pollution load in Erhai Lake had an upward trend, in which the point source pollution in the basin increased while the nonpoint source pollution decreased. However, nonpoint source pollution is still the main source of pollution. The total phosphorus pollution load in Erhai Lake basin was 390.273 t in 1998, 402.150 t in 2005, and 398.879 t in 2010; the highest value was 429.451 t in 2016. Agricultural nonpoint sources, livestock and poultry manure, and domestic sewage of urban residents were the three major sources of pollution in Erhai Lake basin, accounting for an average of 48%, 18%, and 15% of the total phosphorus pollution load, respectively. The total phosphorus pollution load in Eryuan County is 205.608 t, which is larger than that in Dali City. The unit area load of total phosphorus in the sub-basin of Erhai Lake is 86.027~540.519 kg·km-2·a-1, and the sub-basin 1~14 changes significantly. In future lake basin treatment, the discharge of phosphorus into water can be reduced by improving the efficiency of sewage treatment, realizing the scientific return of livestock and poultry manure to the field, and the rational application of chemical fertilizers to realize the reasonable circulation of phosphorus in the basin. |
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