| 李敏,王春雪,舒正文,王昭,陈建军,李元,祖艳群,张克强.牛粪化肥配施对稻田下渗水氮素流失和水稻氮素积累的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2019,38(4):903-911. |
| 牛粪化肥配施对稻田下渗水氮素流失和水稻氮素积累的影响 |
| Infiltration water nitrogen loss and rice nitrogen accumulation in a paddy field fertilized with a combination ratio of cow manure and chemical fertilizer |
| 投稿时间：2018-05-27 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2018-0695 |
| 中文关键词: 水稻 牛粪 配施比例 下渗水 流失量 氮素积累 |
| 英文关键词: rice cow manure combination ratio infiltration water loss nitrogen accumulation |
| 基金项目:云南省教育厅科学研究基金产业化培育项目（2016CYH11）；云南省农田无公害生产创新团队项目（2017HC015） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 李敏 | 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 云南省农业环境污染控制与生态修复工程实验室, 昆明 650201 | | | 王春雪 | 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 云南省农业环境污染控制与生态修复工程实验室, 昆明 650201 | | | 舒正文 | 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 云南省农业环境污染控制与生态修复工程实验室, 昆明 650201 | | | 王昭 | 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 云南省农业环境污染控制与生态修复工程实验室, 昆明 650201 | | | 陈建军 | 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 云南省农业环境污染控制与生态修复工程实验室, 昆明 650201 | | | 李元 | 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 云南省农业环境污染控制与生态修复工程实验室, 昆明 650201 | liyuan@ynau.edu.cn | | 祖艳群 | 云南农业大学资源与环境学院, 云南省农业环境污染控制与生态修复工程实验室, 昆明 650201 | | | 张克强 | 农业农村部大理农业环境科学观测实验站, 云南 大理 671004 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 采用田间小区试验研究了牛粪与化肥不同比例配施[100%化肥（100% CF）、70%化肥+30%牛粪（70% CF+30% MF）、50%化肥+50%牛粪（50% CF+50% MF）、30%化肥+70%牛粪（30% CF+70% MF）]的稻田土壤中20、40、60 cm处下渗水中总氮（TN）、铵态氮（NH4+-N）和硝态氮（NO3--N）的时空变化、氮素下渗流失量和水稻氮素积累特征。结果表明：不同处理的TN、NH4+-N和NO3--N流失量以水稻分蘖期较大，氮素流失以NH4+-N为主，占TN流失的64.3%~76.7%，后期氮素流失较少；50% CF+50% MF在60 cm处下渗水TN时间间隔加权平均浓度高于上层，其他处理的TN均表现为随土层深度增加而减小。不同处理的氮素流失量中以50% CF+50% MF最高，为23.12 kg·hm-2，显著高于其他处理。水稻产量随牛粪配施量增加而降低，但不同处理之间无显著差异；30% CF+70% MF处理显著降低水稻地上部植株氮素累积量，不利于水稻对氮素的吸收利用。因此，综合考虑水稻产量和氮素流失情况，70% CF+30% MF是值得推荐的最优配比。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Field plot experiments with spatial and temporal variations of total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) in paddy soil at 20, 40 cm, and 60 cm of infiltration water were used to study nitrogen leachate loss and nitrogen accumulation in rice using four different proportions of cow manure and chemical fertilizer. The results showed that the loss of TN, NH4+-N, and NO3--N in all treatments was greater during the tillering stage of rice, in which NH4+-N contributed to the greatest nitrogen loss, accounting for 64.3%~76.7% of TN loss. Less nitrogen loss occurred during the later growing period. The TN time-interval weighted average concentration of infiltration water at 60 cm was higher than that of upper layers at 50%CF+50%MF, whereas all other treatments showed a decrease with increasing depth. Nitrogen loss was highest for the 50%CF+50%MF treatment at 23.12 kg·hm-2, which was significantly higher than other treatments. Rice yield decreased with an increase of cow manure fertilization but there was no significant difference between the four treatments. The 30%CF+70%MF treatment significantly reduced nitrogen accumulation in rice aboveground, which was not conducive to the absorption and utilization of nitrogen in rice. Therefore, considering the rice yield and nitrogen loss, 70%CF+30%MF is recommended as the optimal fertilizer and cow manure fertilization ratio. |
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